Biofilms as a mechanism of bacterial resistance

Jolivet‐Gougeon, Anne; Bonnaure‐Mallet, Martine

doi:10.1016/j.ddtec.2014.02.003

Cited by 142 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Previous studies also showed that ␤-lactam-induced biofilm in strain USA300 is not affected by mutations in the agr quorum-sensing system (16). Other potential regulators of amoxicillin-induced biofilm that were identified in our screen include CodY, a stationary-phase regulatory protein that targets more than 200 S. aureus genes (61); rpiRC and rsh, which may regulate biofilm formation by affecting the biosynthesis of the alarmone (p)ppGpp (62); and SAUSA300_0794, a putative topoisomerase that may play a role in the transcription of stress response genes (63). More experiments are needed to identify the regulators of amoxicillin-induced biofilm in strain USA300.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Low-Dose Amoxicillin on Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Biofilms

Mlynek

Callahan

Shimkevitch

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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cPrevious studies showed that sub-MIC levels of ␤-lactam antibiotics stimulate biofilm formation in most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Here, we investigated this process by measuring the effects of sub-MIC amoxicillin on biofilm formation by the epidemic community-associated MRSA strain USA300. We found that sub-MIC amoxicillin increased the ability of USA300 cells to attach to surfaces and form biofilms under both static and flow conditions. We also found that USA300 biofilms cultured in sub-MIC amoxicillin were thicker, contained more pillar and channel structures, and were less porous than biofilms cultured without antibiotic. Biofilm formation in sub-MIC amoxicillin correlated with the production of extracellular DNA (eDNA). However, eDNA released by amoxicillin-induced cell lysis alone was evidently not sufficient to stimulate biofilm. Sub-MIC levels of two other cell wall-active agents with different mechanisms of action-D-cycloserine and fosfomycin-also stimulated eDNA-dependent biofilm, suggesting that biofilm formation may be a mechanistic adaptation to cell wall stress. Screening a USA300 mariner transposon library for mutants deficient in biofilm formation in sub-MIC amoxicillin identified numerous known mediators of S. aureus ␤-lactam resistance and biofilm formation, as well as novel genes not previously associated with these phenotypes. Our results link cell wall stress and biofilm formation in MRSA and suggest that eDNA-dependent biofilm formation by strain USA300 in low-dose amoxicillin is an inducible phenotype that can be used to identify novel genes impacting MRSA ␤-lactam resistance and biofilm formation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Low-Dose Amoxicillin on Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Biofilms

Mlynek

Callahan

Shimkevitch

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Biofilms are resistant to antibiotics and other antimicrobial compounds (Stewart & Costerton, 2001;Hall-Stoodley & Stoodley, 2009;Mah, 2012;Alhede et al, 2014;Jolivet-Gougeon & Bonnaure-Mallet, 2014;Römling et al, 2014). Therefore, they are difficult to eradicate and hence could lead to recurrent infections (Donelli & Vuotto, 2014;García-Cobos et al, 2014).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media

Mittal

Lisi

Gerring

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

193

161

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Otitis media (OM) is an inflammation of the middle ear associated with infection. Despite appropriate therapy, acute OM (AOM) can progress to chronic suppurative OM (CSOM) associated with ear drum perforation and purulent discharge. The effusion prevents the middle ear ossicles from properly relaying sound vibrations from the ear drum to the oval window of the inner ear, causing conductive hearing loss. In addition, the inflammatory mediators generated during CSOM can penetrate into the inner ear through the round window. This can cause the loss of hair cells in the cochlea, leading to sensorineural hearing loss. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the most predominant pathogens that cause CSOM. Although the pathogenesis of AOM is well studied, very limited research is available in relation to CSOM. With the emergence of antibiotic resistance as well as the ototoxicity of antibiotics and the potential risks of surgery, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic strategies against CSOM. This warrants understanding the role of host immunity in CSOM and how the bacteria evade these potent immune responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to CSOM will help in designing novel treatment modalities against the disease and hence preventing the hearing loss. IntroductionOtitis media (OM) refers to a group of complex infectious and inflammatory diseases affecting the middle ear (Dickson, 2014). OM in general is very common, as studies show that around 80 % of children should have experienced at least one episode by their third birthday (Teele et al., 1989). OM has been broadly classified into two main types, acute and chronic. Acute OM (AOM) is characterized by the rapid onset of signs of inflammation, specifically bulging and possible perforation of the tympanic membrane, fullness and erythema, as well as symptoms associated with inflammation such as otalgia, irritability and fever (Pukander, 1983;Harkness & Topham, 1998). Despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, AOM may progress to chronic suppurative OM (CSOM) characterized by persistent drainage from the middle ear associated with a perforated ear drum (Wintermeyer & Nahata, 1994;Harkness & Topham, 1998). When examined by otoscope, the middle ear looks red and inflamed with purulent discharge in CSOM patients (Figs 1 and 2). It is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases worldwide especially affecting children (Roland, 2002; Verhoeff et al., 2006). Hearing impairment is one of the most common sequelae of CSOM (Aarhus et al., 2015). The resultant hearing loss can have a negative impact on a child's speech development, education and behaviour (Olatoke et al., 2008; Khairi Md Daud et al., 2010). Mortality due to complications of CSOM is typically higher than other types of OM (Yorgancilar et al., 2013a;Qureishi et al., 2014). Intracranial complications like brain abscess and meningitis are the most common causes of death in CSOM patients (Dubey et al., 2010;Chew et al., 2012;Sun & Sun, 2014).In this article, the rec...

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“…For example, the development of arrays of RONS such as nitric oxide or hydrogen peroxide could be used in the development of biomaterials that target signaling mechanisms in bacteria to prevent biofilm formation. Both nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide are thought to be important signaling molecules in the dispersion of biofilms [73,74]. In this paper, we have demonstrated that it is possible to functionalize a substrate with RONS and that the RONS can be subsequently participate in a molecular specific reaction in solution.…”

Section: Future Directions In the Use Of Microplasma Arrays To Functimentioning

confidence: 88%

Microplasma Array Patterning of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species onto Polystyrene

Szili

Dedrick

et al. 2017

Front. Phys.

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We investigate an approach for the patterning of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) onto polystyrene using atmospheric-pressure microplasma arrays. The spectrally integrated and time-resolved optical emission from the array is characterized with respect to the applied voltage, applied-voltage frequency and pressure; and the array is used to achieve spatially resolved modification of polystyrene at three pressures: 500, 760, and 1000 Torr. As determined by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), regions over which surface modification occurs are clearly restricted to areas that are exposed to individual microplasma cavities. Analysis of the negative-ion ToF-SIMS mass spectra from the center of the modified microspots shows that the level of oxidation is dependent on the operating pressure, and closely correlated with the spatial distribution of the optical emission. The functional groups that are generated by the microplasma array on the polystyrene surface are shown to readily participate in an oxidative reaction in phosphate buffered saline solution (pH 7.4). Patterns of oxidized and chemically reactive functionalities could potentially be applied to the future development of biomaterial surfaces, where spatial control over biomolecule or cell function is needed.

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Biofilms as a mechanism of bacterial resistance

Cited by 142 publications

References 56 publications

Effects of Low-Dose Amoxicillin on Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Biofilms

Effects of Low-Dose Amoxicillin on Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Biofilms

Current concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media

Microplasma Array Patterning of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species onto Polystyrene

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