Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance in Companion Animals

Maddox, Thomas W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-21289-5_10

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Antimicrobial resistance can be defined as the ability of a microbe to survive and reproduce in the highest concentrations of an antimicrobial that can be achieved in body tissues [5]. The mechanisms through which bacteria can achieve resistance to antimicrobials have been reviewed [6] and are summarised in Fig 1. Such mechanisms group into 3 major categories: protection or modification of the antimicrobial target site; exclusion of the antimicrobial agent from the cell interior (via reduced cell permeability or efflux pump expulsion); and production of antimicrobial inactivating enzymes [7]. Resistance mechanisms can be either intrinsic to the bacteria (arising from a particular trait common to all bacteria of that group) or represent acquired mechanisms found only in some members of a genus or species (as a consequence of some alteration to the bacterial genome).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from horses: Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance

Maddox¹,

Clegg²,

Williams

et al. 2015

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryAntimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to the continued successful use of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infections. While the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from man has been studied extensively, less work has been undertaken in companion animals, particularly horses. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been identified as a cause of infections, with a low prevalence of nasal carriage by horses in the community but higher for hospitalised horses. Molecular characterisation has shown methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus strains either to be predominantly of types associated with horses or of sequence type ST398. Antimicrobialresistant Escherichia coli (including multidrug-resistant and extended spectrum b-lactamase-producing isolates) have caused infections and been documented in faecal carriage by horses, with many significant resistance mechanisms identified. More sporadic reports and molecular characterisation exist for resistance in other bacteria such as enterococci, Salmonella, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species. Limited work has been undertaken evaluating risk factors and much of the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from horses remains to be determined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%