Biofilm Instigation of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria and Its Control Measures

Bacterial life is a combination of two lifestyles, mobile and social. In the social lifestyle, cells are usually embedded in a self‐produced matrix and attached to biotic or abiotic surfaces. These communities can be organized as either single or multilayered structures termed biofilms. Biofilms evolved to cope with the harsh environmental conditions that bacteria encounter within the host, mostly from the host’s defence response. In plant pathogenic bacteria, biofilms participate in the whole process of pathogenicity, from the first step of invasion to the full colonization of plant tissues. The specific role that biofilms play in the pathogenicity process of plant bacterial pathogens is poorly understood. In this review, the role of biofilms in the pathogenic process of major vascular plant pathogens is examined. In addition, quorum sensing signals and components that are essential for biofilm formation and therefore, for pathogenesis, are addressed. Although, in certain systems, further research is required, experimental evidence in the literature indicates that biofilms are, in most cases, essential for pathogenesis.

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Biofilm Formation in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: Structure and Development

Sabuquillo

Cubero

2021

Agronomy

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Xanthomonasarboricola pv. pruni (Xap) causes bacterial spot of stone fruit and almond, an important plant disease with a high economic impact. Biofilm formation is one of the mechanisms that microbial communities use to adapt to environmental changes and to survive and colonize plants. Herein, biofilm formation by Xap was analyzed on abiotic and biotic surfaces using different microscopy techniques which allowed characterization of the different biofilm stages compared to the planktonic condition. All Xap strains assayed were able to form real biofilms creating organized structures comprised by viable cells. Xap in biofilms differentiated from free-living bacteria forming complex matrix-encased multicellular structures which become surrounded by a network of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, nutrient content of the environment and bacterial growth have been shown as key factors for biofilm formation and its development. Besides, this is the first work where different cell structures involved in bacterial attachment and aggregation have been identified during Xap biofilm progression. Our findings provide insights regarding different aspects of the biofilm formation of Xap which improve our understanding of the bacterial infection process occurred in Prunus spp and that may help in future disease control approaches.

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Biofilm Instigation of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria and Its Control Measures

Cited by 5 publications

References 120 publications

Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic and Mutualistic Plant-Bacterial Interactions

Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic and Mutualistic Plant-Bacterial Interactions

The critical role of biofilms in bacterial vascular plant pathogenesis

Biofilm Formation in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: Structure and Development

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