Biofilm Formation Reduction by Eugenol and Thymol on Biodegradable Food Packaging Material

Abstract

Biofilm is a structured community of microorganisms adhering to surfaces of various polymeric materials used in food packaging. Microbes in the biofilm may affect food quality. However, the presence of biofilm can ensure biodegradation of discarded packaging. This work aims to evaluate a biofilm formation on the selected biodegradable polymer films: poly (lactic acid) (PLA), poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by selected bacterial strains; collection strains of Escherichiacoli, Staphylococcusaureus; and Bacillus pumilus, Bacillussubtilis, Bacillustequilensis, and Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia isolated from dairy products. Three different methods for biofilm evaluation were performed: the Christensen method, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and fluorescence microscopy. High biofilm formation was confirmed on the control PBS film, whereas low biofilm formation ability was observed on the PLA polymer sample. Furthermore, the films with incorporated antimicrobial compounds (thymol or eugenol) were also prepared. Antimicrobial activity and also reduction in biofilm formation on enriched polymer films were determined. Therefore, they were all proved to be antimicrobial and effective in reducing biofilm formation. These films can be used to prepare novel active food packaging for the dairy industry to prevent biofilm formation and enhance food quality and safety in the future.

Bioconjugated Thymol-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite as a Selective and Biocompatible Antibacterial Agent against Staphylococcus Species

“…Moreover, peaks corresponding to the main characteristic bonds were found for THO. A weak absorption band at 2953 cm −1 was assigned to the C-H vibration in TZ NC [ 29 ]. Thus, the vibrations at 1458 cm −1 in THO and TZ indicate that C = C stretches in aromatics were conserved after conjugation with ZO [ 30 ].…”

Poloxamer-Based Mixed Micelles Loaded with Thymol or Eugenol for Topical Applications

“…Microorganisms (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) were obtained from the Czech Collection of Microorganisms (CCM, Czech Republic). The bacterial cultures were grown on nutrient agar (Himedia Laboratories, India) at 37 °C/24 h. Both bacterial strains are biofilm-positive …”

“…The bacterial cultures were grown on nutrient agar (Himedia Laboratories, India) at 37 °C/24 h. Both bacterial strains are biofilm-positive. 15 …”

“…After the wells were washed twice with water, the biofilm was solubilized with 200 μL of 96% ethanol (Penta, Praha, Czech Republic). 15 Each experiment was done in 12 wells to repeat. The blank absorbance values were used to identify whether a biofilm formation was present.…”

In situ generation of H2O2 using CaO2 as peroxide storage depot for haloperoxidase mimicry with surface-tailored Bi-doped mesoporous CeO2 nanozymes

“…Many industries suffer from the ill-effects of biofilm growth, which leads to costs for cleaning and maintenance. 1 Typical examples are water distribution systems, 2 marine environments, 3 plastic surfaces (e.g., in hospitals, 4 on shower curtains 5 or food wrappings 6 in domestic environments) or on consumer electronics. 7 Biofilm adhesion in the first step is mediated by a protein layer serving as a platform for cell attachment and subsequent bacterial colonization.…”