Biofilm Formation of Clostridioides difficile, Toxin Production and Alternatives to Conventional Antibiotics in the Treatment of CDI

Dicks, Leon M. T.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11092161

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…In addition to toxin production, biofilm formation by C. difficile is a crucial factor in bacterial pathogenicity and persistence [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Biofilms are structured communities of bacteria embedded within a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances, which may include proteins, polysaccharides, and DNA [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Biofilms promote the adhesion of C. difficile to the gastrointestinal lining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the significance of C. difficile biofilms is crucial for developing more effective strategies to prevent and treat CDIs. Researchers continue to explore the methods of disrupting or inhibiting biofilm formation as well as to develop novel therapies that can target bacteria within biofilms or prevent bacterial adhesion [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Effects of Some Natural Products on Adhesion and Biofilm Inhibition of Clostridioides difficile

Wultańska,

Piotrowski,

Pituch

2024

Pharmaceutics

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Understanding the potential antimicrobial properties of natural compounds and their impacts on Clostridioides difficile virulence factors may aid in developing alternative strategies for preventing and treating C. difficile infections (CDI). In this study, we investigated the bactericidal effects of ginger oil (GO), peppermint oil (PO), curcumin (CU), cinnamon aldehyde (CI), and trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCI) on the adhesion and biofilm disruption of C. difficile. We used three reference and five clinical C. difficile strains of different ribotypes. The bactericidal activity was assessed using the broth microdilution method. The adhesion was evaluated using human epithelial cell lines, and biofilm formation was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. All tested strains exhibited susceptibility to CU, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 128 µg/mL to 2048 µg/mL. Similarly, all strains were susceptible to CI and TCI, with MIC values ranging from 6.25% (v/v) to 25% (v/v). Most of the tested substances reduced the adhesion of C. difficile strains, while two tested strains showed significantly higher adhesion when co-incubated with the tested substances. Similar observations were made for biofilm formation, with observed density and morphology varied depending on the strain. In conclusion, the tested products demonstrated bactericidal activity and reduced the adhesion of C. difficile strains. They may be considered for further studies as potential antimicrobial agents targeting biofilm-related infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Effects of Some Natural Products on Adhesion and Biofilm Inhibition of Clostridioides difficile

Wultańska,

Piotrowski,

Pituch

2024

Pharmaceutics

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Unveiling the threat: Characterization ofClostridioides difficileInfection in the Northwest Region of Buenos Aires between 2019-2023 and Associated Risk Factors redefined through a Meta-Analysis

Barbero,

Moriconi,

Palma

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Clostridioides difficile stands as the leading cause of hospital acquired enteric infection in developed countries. In Argentina, the epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is currently poorly characterized. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective case-control study evaluating the prevalence of CDI in 249 stool samples collected between 2019 and 2023 in the Northwest region of Buenos Aires. The presence of C. difficile was detected by combining three techniques (EIA, PCR and toxigenic culture) in a diagnostic algorithm. Clinical and demographic data from patients was also analyzed to identify CDI-associated risk factors. 1 in 5 patients presented C. difficile as the etiological agent of diarrhea and the 80% of CDI+ cases carried toxigenic strains, most of which had been acquired in the community. Age ≥69 years, previous use of antibiotics, previous hospitalization and previous episodes of CDI emerged as predisposing factors for CDI in our study cohort. Blood parameters such as an elevated number of leukocytes and platelets, a decreased basophil count, and an increased urea concentration were identified as indicators of CDI. We also carried out a systematic review and a meta-analysis where we contrasted our results with 39 studies selected from different countries around the world. At the global level, the meta-analysis highlighted advanced age, previous consumption of antibiotics and previous hospitalization as CDI risk factors and the leukocyte count as an indicator of CDI. These results emphasize the importance of epidemiological studies and reveal crucial information for healthcare decision-making regarding CDI.

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Biofilm Formation of Clostridioides difficile, Toxin Production and Alternatives to Conventional Antibiotics in the Treatment of CDI

Cited by 2 publications

References 178 publications

Antimicrobial Effects of Some Natural Products on Adhesion and Biofilm Inhibition of Clostridioides difficile

Antimicrobial Effects of Some Natural Products on Adhesion and Biofilm Inhibition of Clostridioides difficile

Unveiling the threat: Characterization ofClostridioides difficileInfection in the Northwest Region of Buenos Aires between 2019-2023 and Associated Risk Factors redefined through a Meta-Analysis

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