Biofilm formation by<i>Exiguobacterium</i>sp. DR11 and DR14 alter polystyrene surface properties and initiate biodegradation

Chauhan, Deepika; Agrawal, Guncha; Deshmukh, Sujit; Roy, Susanta Sinha; Priyadarshini, Richa

doi:10.1039/c8ra06448b

Cited by 72 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In these studies, mainly weight loss has been assayed. Unfortunately, in none of these studies were enzymes linked to the assumed depolymerization (98, 99).…”

Section: Polymers and Microbial Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastics: Environmental and Biotechnological Perspectives on Microbial Degradation

Danso

Chow

Streit

2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

521

380

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Plastics are widely used in the global economy, and each year, at least 350 to 400 million tons are being produced. Due to poor recycling and low circular use, millions of tons accumulate annually in terrestrial or marine environments. Today it has become clear that plastic causes adverse effects in all ecosystems and that microplastics are of particular concern to our health. Therefore, recent microbial research has addressed the question of if and to what extent microorganisms can degrade plastics in the environment. This review summarizes current knowledge on microbial plastic degradation. Enzymes available act mainly on the high-molecular-weight polymers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and ester-based polyurethane (PUR). Unfortunately, the best PUR- and PET-active enzymes and microorganisms known still have moderate turnover rates. While many reports describing microbial communities degrading chemical additives have been published, no enzymes acting on the high-molecular-weight polymers polystyrene, polyamide, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, ether-based polyurethane, and polyethylene are known. Together, these polymers comprise more than 80% of annual plastic production. Thus, further research is needed to significantly increase the diversity of enzymes and microorganisms acting on these polymers. This can be achieved by tapping into the global metagenomes of noncultivated microorganisms and dark matter proteins. Only then can novel biocatalysts and organisms be delivered that allow rapid degradation, recycling, or value-added use of the vast majority of most human-made polymers.

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“…In these studies, mainly weight loss has been assayed. Unfortunately, in none of these studies were enzymes linked to the assumed depolymerization (98, 99).…”

Section: Polymers and Microbial Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastics: Environmental and Biotechnological Perspectives on Microbial Degradation

Danso

Chow

Streit

2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

521

380

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“…The average number of targets per partition (λ) follows Equation ( 5), which can be simulated by Poisson distribution as Equation (6). The m and C of an unknown sample can be easily calculated from the percentage of empty partitions P following Equations ( 7) and (8). The confidence interval of Poisson distribution is strongly affected by the probability of an empty partition P and the average number of targets per partition λ, and the 95% CI for the expected concentration is calculated according to Equation ( 9) [52,63].…”

Section: Digital Pcr Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial-based degradation, occurring with series of chemical and microbial transformations, is the ultimate fate of contaminants with economic and environmental benefits [6,7]. Until now, plenty of contaminants have shown the biodegradability, even the widely used forms of plastics once proven recalcitrant to biodegradation [8,9]. Biodegradation of contaminants is complicated due to the sophisticated interspecies interactions containing cooperation and competition, which will happen in all bioremediation processes like natural attenuation, bio-stimulation, and bioaugmentation [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital PCR as an Emerging Tool for Monitoring of Microbial Biodegradation

Cao

Dong

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Biodegradation of contaminants is extremely complicated due to unpredictable microbial behaviors. Monitoring of microbial biodegradation drives us to determine (1) the amounts of specific degrading microbes, (2) the abundance, and (3) expression level of relevant functional genes. To this endeavor, the cultivation independent polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based monitoring technique develops from endpoint PCR, real-time quantitative PCR, and then into novel digital PCR. In this review, we introduce these three categories of PCR techniques and summarize the timely applications of digital PCR and its superiorities than qPCR for biodegradation monitoring. Digital PCR technique, emerging as the most accurately absolute quantification method, can serve as the most promising and robust tool for monitoring of microbial biodegradation.

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“…Biofilms can also change the physical and chemical properties of plastic and influence further colonization by metazoan larvae (Chung et al, 2010;Hadfield, 2010). Microbes and biofilms can promote degradation of PMD (Chauhan, Agrawal, Deshmukh, Roy, & Priyadarshini, 2018;Kumari, Chaudhary, & Jha, 2019;Montazer, Habibi Najafi, & Levin, 2018;Shah, Hasan, Hameed, & Ahmed, 2008;Zettler, Mincer, & Amaral-Zettler, 2013), but they can also hinder abiotic ageing by shielding PMD from ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the surface ocean, arguably the most important and rapid abiotic process of plastic breakdown in the environment (Song et al, 2017). Moreover, biofilms can make plastic smell and taste like food to animals such as birds and fish that rely on chemoreception for food selection (Savoca, Tyson, McGill, & Slager, 2017;Savoca, Wohlfeil, Ebeler, & Nevitt, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial structure in the “Plastisphere”: Molecular resources for imaging microscopic communities on plastic marine debris

Schlundt

Welch

Knochel

et al. 2019

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Plastic marine debris (PMD) affects spatial scales of life from microbes to whales.However, understanding interactions between plastic and microbes in the "Plastisphere"-the thin layer of life on the surface of PMD-has been technologylimited. Research into microbe-microbe and microbe-substrate interactions requires knowledge of community phylogenetic composition but also tools to visualize spatial distributions of intact microbial biofilm communities. We developed a CLASI-FISH (combinatorial labelling and spectral imaging -fluorescence in situ hybridization) method using confocal microscopy to study Plastisphere communities. We created a probe set consisting of three existing phylogenetic probes (targeting all Bacteria, Alpha-, and Gammaproteobacteria) and four newly designed probes (targeting Bacteroidetes, Vibrionaceae, Rhodobacteraceae and Alteromonadaceae) labelled with a total of seven fluorophores and validated this probe set using pure cultures. Our nested probe set strategy increases confidence in taxonomic identification because targets are confirmed with two or more probes, reducing false positives. We simultaneously identified and visualized these taxa and their spatial distribution within the microbial biofilms on polyethylene samples in colonization time series experiments in coastal environments from three different biogeographical regions. Comparing the relative abundance of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data with cell-count abundance data retrieved from the microscope images of the same samples showed a good agreement in bacterial composition. Microbial communities were heterogeneous, with direct spatial relationships between bacteria, cyanobacteria and eukaryotes such as diatoms but also micro-metazoa. Our research provides a valuable resource to investigate biofilm development, succession and associations between specific microscopic taxa at micrometre scales. K E Y W O R D S biofilm, CLASI-FISH, confocal microscopy, marine plastic, succession | 621 SCHLUNDT eT aL. and Louis Kerr for help with microscopy and image analysis. AUTH O R CO NTR I B UTI O N S CS and LAA-Z conceived the project. CS, JLMW, LAA-Z, and ERZ designed the research. CS, AMK and ERZ performed research. LAA-Z and JLMW contributed reagents and analytical tools. CS, JLMW, AMK, ERZ and LAA-Z analyzed data. CS, JLMW, ERZ and LAA-Z wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final draft of the manuscript. O RCI D

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Biofilm formation byExiguobacteriumsp. DR11 and DR14 alter polystyrene surface properties and initiate biodegradation

Abstract: Isolation and characterizationExiguobacteriumsp. DR11 and DR14 from wetlands able to establish biofilm and alter polystyrene surface properties.

Cited by 72 publications

References 43 publications

Plastics: Environmental and Biotechnological Perspectives on Microbial Degradation

Plastics: Environmental and Biotechnological Perspectives on Microbial Degradation

Digital PCR as an Emerging Tool for Monitoring of Microbial Biodegradation

Spatial structure in the “Plastisphere”: Molecular resources for imaging microscopic communities on plastic marine debris

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