Biofilm formation and determination of minimum biofilm eradication concentration of antibiotics in &lt;i&gt;Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;

Tassew, Dereje Damte; Mechesso, Abraham Fikru; Park, Na‐Hye; Song, Ju‐Beom; Shur, Joo-Woon; Park, Seung-Chun

doi:10.1292/jvms.17-0279

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Biofilms consist of aggregates of adherent bacteria in joint composition with proteins, polysaccharides, DNA, and lipids called an extracellular polymeric matrix. Different fish pathogenic bacteria including a few species of streptococcal bacteria like S. mutants have biofilm-forming potential [60][61][62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacodynamics of Ceftiofur Selected by Genomic and Proteomic Approaches of Streptococcus parauberis Isolated from the Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Boby

Abbas

Lee

et al. 2020

International Journal of Genomics

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We employed an integrative strategy to present subtractive and comparative metabolic and genomic-based findings of therapeutic targets against Streptococcus parauberis. For the first time, we not only identified potential targets based on genomic and proteomic database analyses but also recommend a new antimicrobial drug for the treatment of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) infected with S. parauberis. To do that, 102 total annotated metabolic pathways of this bacterial strain were extracted from computational comparative metabolic and genomic databases. Six druggable proteins were identified from these metabolic pathways from the DrugBank database with their respective genes as mtnN, penA, pbp2, murB, murA, coaA, and fni out of 112 essential nonhomologous proteins. Among these hits, 26 transmembrane proteins and 77 cytoplasmic proteins were extracted as potential vaccines and drug targets, respectively. From the FDA DrugBank, ceftiofur was selected to prevent antibiotic resistance as it inhibited our selected identified target. Florfenicol is used for treatment of S. parauberis infection in flounder and was chosen as a comparator drug. All tested strains of fish isolates with S. parauberis were susceptible to ceftiofur and florfenicol with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.0039–1 μg/mL and 0.5–8 μg/mL, IC50 of 0.001–0.5 μg/mL and 0.7–2.7 μg/mL, and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBEC) of 2–256 μg/mL and 4–64 μg/mL, respectively. Similar susceptibility profiles for ceftiofur and florfenicol were found, with ceftiofur observed as an effective and potent antimicrobial drug against both planktonic and biofilm-forming strains of the fish pathogen Streptococcus parauberis, and it can be applied in the aquaculture industry. Thus, our predictive approach not only showed novel therapeutic agents but also indicated that marketed drugs should also be tested for efficacy against newly identified targets of this important fish pathogen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacodynamics of Ceftiofur Selected by Genomic and Proteomic Approaches of Streptococcus parauberis Isolated from the Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Boby

Abbas

Lee

et al. 2020

International Journal of Genomics

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“…As biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces has been previously demonstrated in M . hyopneumoniae 26 , we sought to determine if this pathogen can form biofilms on the surface of PK-15 monolayers. This was achieved by allowing the lab adapted M .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M . hyopneumoniae has recently been shown to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces 26 however, the mechanisms underpinning formation remains unknown. Prior to investigating these mechanisms, we sought to establish a reproducible protocol for promoting and investigating the formation of M .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of these biofilms, both by M . hyopneumoniae and other species of mycoplasma, provides a mechanism to resist the lytic effects of antimicrobials and the host immune response 5 , 8 , 26 . In addition to forming biofilms in its host, M .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study showed limited evidence of M . hyopneumoniae forming biofilms on abiotic surfaces that are significantly more resistant to antibiotics than planktonic cells 26 . Additionally, M .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extracellular DNA release from the genome-reduced pathogen Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is essential for biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces

Raymond

Jenkins

Turnbull

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is an economically devastating, globally disseminated pathogen that can maintain a chronic infectious state within its host, swine. Here, we depict the events underpinning M. hyopneumoniae biofilm formation on an abiotic surface and demonstrate for the first time, biofilms forming on porcine epithelial cell monolayers and in the lungs of pigs, experimentally infected with M. hyopneumoniae. Nuclease treatment prevents biofilms forming on glass but not on porcine epithelial cells indicating that extracellular DNA (eDNA), which localises at the base of biofilms, is critical in the formation of these structures on abiotic surfaces. Subpopulations of M. hyopneumoniae cells, denoted by their ability to take up the dye TOTO-1 and release eDNA, were identified. A visually distinct sub-population of pleomorphic cells, that we refer to here as large cell variants (LCVs), rapidly transition from phase dark to translucent “ghost” cells. The translucent cells accumulate the membrane-impermeable dye TOTO-1, forming readily discernible membrane breaches immediately prior to lysis and the possible release of eDNA and other intracellular content (public goods) into the extracellular environment. Our novel observations expand knowledge of the lifestyles adopted by this wall-less, genome-reduced pathogen and provide further insights to its survival within farm environments and swine.

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Persistence in Livestock Mycoplasmas—a Key Role in Infection and Pathogenesis

Hoelzle¹,

Ade²,

Hoelzle³

2020

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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Purpose of Review Mycoplasma, economically important pathogens in livestock, often establishes immunologically complex persistent infections that drive their pathogenesis and complicate prophylaxis and therapy of the caused diseases. In this review, we summarize some of the recent findings concerning cellular and molecular persistence mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of mycoplasma infections in livestock. Recent Findings Data from recent studies prove several mechanisms including intracellular lifestyle, immune dysregulation, and autoimmunity as well as microcolony and biofilm formation and apoptosis of different host cell types as important persistence mechanisms in several clinically significant Mycoplasma species, i.e., M. bovis, M. gallisepticum, M. hyopneumoniae, and M. suis. Summary Evasion of the immune system and the establishment of persistent infections are key features in the pathogenesis of livestock mycoplasmas. In-depth knowledge of the underlying mechanisms will provide the basis for the development of therapy and prophylaxis strategies against mycoplasma infections.

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Biofilm formation and determination of minimum biofilm eradication concentration of antibiotics in <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i>

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Pharmacodynamics of Ceftiofur Selected by Genomic and Proteomic Approaches of Streptococcus parauberis Isolated from the Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Pharmacodynamics of Ceftiofur Selected by Genomic and Proteomic Approaches of Streptococcus parauberis Isolated from the Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

Extracellular DNA release from the genome-reduced pathogen Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is essential for biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces

Persistence in Livestock Mycoplasmas—a Key Role in Infection and Pathogenesis

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