Biofilm and Orthodontic Therapy

Müller, Lena; Jungbauer, Gert; Jungbauer, Rebecca; Wolf, Michael; Deschner, James

doi:10.1159/000510193

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…The results of the present review were in accordance with what recently reported by Müller et al, which concluded the reversibility of the periodontal changes and the permanence of enamel demineralization and white spots, thus suggesting the use of antibacterial orthodontic bonding systems as an adjunct in the maintenance of proper dental health in orthodontic patients [72].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Oral Microbiota Changes in Orthodontic Patients and Effects on Oral Health: An Overview

Contaldo

Lucchese

Lajolo

et al. 2021

JCM

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Nowadays, there is a considerable interest to study the biological and microbiological changes that accompany orthodontic treatment. Growing knowledge on oral microbiota allows, day after day, to identify and characterize the microbial arrangements specifically associated with oral and extra-oral conditions. The aim of the present work is to highlight any further correlations between orthodontic appliances and the qualitative and quantitative modifications of the oral microbiota, such as predisposing factors for the onset of caries, periodontal diseases, and other infections, which can impact the oral and systemic health of the orthodontic patients. When compared with subjects without orthodontic appliances, orthodontic patients reported significant qualitative and quantitative differences in supra- and subgingival plaque during the entire treatment period. Certain components of fixed appliances (mainly bonded molar brackets, ceramic brackets, and elastomeric ligatures) showed high risks of periodontal disease and tooth decay for patients. An unclear prevalence of Candida spp. and the paucity of studies on viruses and protozoas in the oral microbiota of orthodontic patients need to be further investigated. The evidence emerging from this study could guide clinicians in modulating the timing of controls and enhance patient motivation to prevent the formation of mature plaque, thus reducing the risks of oral-plaque-related diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The Oral Microbiota Changes in Orthodontic Patients and Effects on Oral Health: An Overview

Contaldo

Lucchese

Lajolo

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Treatment of malocclusions using fixed orthodontic appliances makes it difficult for patients to perform hygiene procedures. Brackets bonded to the teeth create new places of retention for food debris and resident bacterial microflora, creating a biofilm in the form of plaque [ 1 , 2 ]. In cases of insufficient compliance with the hygiene regime, the persistent plaque and the products of bacterial metabolism content cause enamel demineralization, which may eventually progress to the formation of a carious cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enamel demineralization is manifest by visible white spot lesions (WSL) around the brackets (Figure 1). The already known methods of preventing the formation of WSL Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 720 2 of 14 include, among others, appropriately motivating the patient and instructing oral hygiene and the use of sealants or fluoride varnishes [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 14 already known methods of preventing the formation of WSL include, among others, appropriately motivating the patient and instructing oral hygiene and the use of sealants or fluoride varnishes [2][3][4][5]. Insufficient removal of the bacterial biofilm can also cause periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis (Figure 2), periodontitis, recession, or gingival hyperplasia [1,[5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photodynamic Therapy in Orthodontics: A Literature Review

Olek

Machorowska-Pieniążęk

Stós

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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Treatment of malocclusions using fixed orthodontic appliances makes it difficult for patients to perform hygiene procedures. Insufficient removal of bacterial biofilm can cause enamel demineralization, manifesting by visible white spot lesions or periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis periodontitis or gingival hyperplasia. The classic methods of preventing the above problems include, in addition to proper hygiene, ultrasonic scaling, periodontal debridement, and oral rinses based on chlorhexidine. New alternative methods of reducing plaque around brackets are being developed. There is a growing interest among researchers in the possibility of using photodynamic therapy in orthodontics. A literature search for articles corresponding to the topic of this review was performed using the PubMed and Scopus databases and the following keywords: ‘photodynamic therapy’, ‘orthodontics’, and ‘photosensitizer(s)’. Based on the literature review, two main directions of research can be distinguished: clinical research on the use of photodynamic therapy in the prevention of white spot lesions and periodontal diseases, and ex vivo research using a modified orthodontic adhesive by adding photosensitizers to them. Methylene blue is the most frequently used photosensitizer in clinical trials. The effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is mainly compared to the ultrasonic scaler as a single therapy or as an adjunct to the ultrasonic scaler. In their conclusions, the researchers most often emphasize the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in reducing microbial levels in patients treated with fixed appliances and the possibility of using it as an alternative to routine procedures aimed at maintaining a healthy periodontium. The authors suggest further research on the use of photodynamic therapy to prove the validity of this method in orthodontics. It should also not be forgotten that proper hygiene is the basis for maintaining oral cavity health, and its neglect is a contraindication to orthodontic treatment.

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“…Orthodontic treatment may be associated with adverse effects such as enamel decalcification, gingivitis and periodontal disease. Studies have reported high levels of Streptococcus mutans and periodontal pathogenic bacteria in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment [1] . The streptococcus genus are Gram-positive cocci-shaped, chain-organized bacteria, and are pathogens found in humans and animals [2] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus: An orthodontic point of view

Gomez¹,

Lozano²,

Alanis³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci.

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Introduction: Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus are the main causative agents of human dental caries. Objective: To analyze the literature on different genera of Streptococcus such as S. mutans, S. gordonii, S. sanguis, S. sobrinus and S. salivarius in relation to orthodontics.Methodology: Articles on the subject published through the PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Academic databases were analyzed, with an emphasis on the last 5 years. It was carried out with the words "Streptococcus mutans", "S. gordonii", "S. sanguis", "S. sobrinus ", "S. salivarius". Results: S. mutans: produces dental caries and demineralization of the enamel. It can be controlled with proper brushing techniques and oral hygiene. S. gordonii: predominates in the oral microflora and triggers cariogenic biofilms, is present in the formation of white spots around brackets and its development can be inhibited with fluoride-containing rinses. S. sanguis: present in orthodontic appliances, they have adverse effects that help the formation of dental plaque, mouthwash with nanio TiO2 and a good mechanical and chemical cleaning help to eliminate them. S. sobrinus: forms white spots, demineralizes enamel and causes dental caries. S. salivarius: its acid-base physiology plays an important role, the use of orthodontic appliances can produce an increase in bacteria which is associated with metal alloys. Conclusion: Streptococcus species are a problem in orthodontics, they can be eliminated by using Enlight composite resin, 0.02% chlorhexidine rinses, mouthwash with nanioTiO2 and a good mechanical and chemical brushing technique.

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Biofilm and Orthodontic Therapy

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

The Oral Microbiota Changes in Orthodontic Patients and Effects on Oral Health: An Overview

The Oral Microbiota Changes in Orthodontic Patients and Effects on Oral Health: An Overview

Photodynamic Therapy in Orthodontics: A Literature Review

Streptococcus: An orthodontic point of view

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