Biofilm and multidrug resistance in uropathogenicEscherichia coli

Abstract

Context: Escherichia coli is known as causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) tends to form microcolonies in mucosa lining of urinary bladder known as biofilm. These biofilms make the organism to resist the host immune response, more virulent and lead to the evolution of antibacterial drug resistance by enclosing them in an extracellular biochemical matrix. Aims: This study was done to know the association of various virulence factors and biofilm production in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Settings and design: This study was conducted in Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana during a period of 1 year from January 2011 to December 2011. Methods and material: Biofilm was detected by microtiter plate (MTP) method, and various virulence factors like hemolysin, hemagglutination, gelatinase, siderophore production, serum resistance, and hydrophobicity were detected. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and the disk diffusion method was used to confirm the ESBL, AmpC, MBL production by the UPEC statistical analysis used: The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 17.0. A two-sided P-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Biofilm production was found in 18 (13.5%) isolates, more commonly in females (two times). These isolates were found to be resistant to antibiotics common in use and were 100% MDR. Conclusions: Biofilm production makes the organism to be more resistant to antibiotics and virulent as compared to non-biofilm producers.

Characteristics of Dogs with Biofilm‐Forming Escherichia Coli Urinary Tract Infections

“…Our data also showed a robust association between nonbiofilm‐forming E. coli and phenotypic expression of MDR when isolates were evaluated after bacterial culture of the urine. This finding contrasts with available literature, which generally has shown associations between biofilm‐forming bacteria and MDR . In the aforementioned literature, the definitions of resistance are variable and bacteria other than E. coli are considered, thus making extrapolation to our current data problematic.…”

“…A biofilm is a complex organizational structure of sessile bacteria and their associated extracellular matrix. Reports have suggested biofilm formation in up to 80% of all microbial infections in humans, and a recent case series in India reported that 13.5% of uropathogenic E. coli isolated from humans have biofilm‐forming capability . The biofilm provides protective benefits to the bacteria including nutrient sharing and antibiotic resistance, antibiotic tolerance, or both by various mechanisms that result in increased pathogenicity and higher likelihood of treatment failure .…”

Prevalence and associated factors associated with Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from catheterized persons at Ilorin Tertiary Hospital, Nigeria

“…The highest occurrence of ESBL was 100.0% amongst the strong biofilm producers. This high incidence of ESBL reported in this study could be an indication of creation of selective drug pressure because of commonly use of cephalosporin and other antibiotics in our region [21].…”

Escherichia coli biofilm: development and therapeutic strategies

“…; Mittal et al . ). Hence there is an urgency to explore alternate therapeutic agents to combat the diseases originating especially due to E. coli biofilm formation.…”

“…AI help the bacterial cells in the biofilm to secrete virulence factors, modulate the host immune response and accrue genetic changes. Biofilm renders the penetration of conventional antibiotics hard and make the cells less susceptible to the antibiotics (Ito et al 2009;Mittal et al 2015). Hence there is an urgency to explore alternate therapeutic agents to combat the diseases originating especially due to E. coli biofilm formation.…”