Biofidelic whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication for whiplash simulation

Ivancic, Paul C.; Panjabi, Manohar M.; Ito, Shigeki; Cripton, Peter A.; Wang, Jaw‐Lin

doi:10.1007/s00586-004-0758-5

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Being an in vitro study, the effects of the neuromuscular control system were not included. The muscle force simulation, adopted from a previous study [13], provided biofidelic compressive loads (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical facet joint kinematics during bilateral facet dislocation

et al. 2007

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Previous biomechanical models of cervical bilateral facet dislocation (BFD) are limited to quasi-static loading or manual ligament transection. The goal of the present study was to determine the facet joint kinematics during high-speed BFD. Dislocation was simulated using ten cervical functional spinal units with muscle force replication by frontal impact of the lower vertebra, tilted posteriorly by 42.5°. Average peak rotations and anterior sliding (displacement of upper articulating facet surface along the lower), separation and compression (displacement of upper facet away from and towards the lower), and lateral shear were determined at the anterior and posterior edges of the right and left facets and statistically compared (P < 0.05). First, peak facet separation occurred, and was significantly greater at the left posterior facet edge, as compared to the anterior edges. Next, peak flexion rotation and anterior facet sliding occurred, followed by peak facet compression. The highest average facet translation peaks were 22.0 mm for anterior sliding, 7.9 mm for separation, 9.9 mm for compression and 3.6 mm for lateral shear. The highest average rotation of 63°occurred in flexion, significantly greater than all other directions. These events occurred, on average, within 0.29 s following impact. During BFD, the main sagittal motions included facet separation, flexion rotation, anterior sliding, followed by compression, however, non-sagittal motions also existed. These motions indicated that unilateral dislocation may precede bilateral dislocation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical facet joint kinematics during bilateral facet dislocation

et al. 2007

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“…The surrogate head and spine were stabilized using the compressive muscle force replication (MFR) system (Fig. 2) [15]. The MFR system consisted of four anterior, two posterior and eight lateral cables attached to preloaded springs anchored to the base.…”

Section: Specimen Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rear-impact whiplash simulation was performed using a previously developed bench-top sled apparatus [15,31]. An incremental trauma protocol was used to rear-impact the WCS+MFR model at 3.5, 5, 6.5 and 8 g, following the initial 2 g dynamic pre-conditioning that was necessary due to the viscoelastic behavior of the soft tissues [26].…”

Section: Trauma Production and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury of the anterior longitudinal ligament during whiplash simulation

Ivancic

Pearson

Panjabi

et al. 2004

European Spine Journal

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“…This dummy included an independent muscle model that considers active and passive mechanical characteristics together. This applied muscle model designed to include the driver's instinctual physiological reaction was installed outside the cervical structure of the existing dummy, leaving the existing structure intact, compared to the model used by Hedenstierna, et al and the whole cervical model designed by Ivancic other models [7,8]. This modified model also has certain limitations.…”

Section: Modified Dummy With Applied Muscle Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model's muscle force replication can produce dynamic responses that are nearly identical to those in the human body. Ivancic, et al evaluated the performance of restraint systems during whiplash by combining their whole cervical spine model with a BioRID (Biomechanical Rear Impact Dummy) II dummy [8]. However, this model did not consider the active characteristics of muscles, and it was unable to measure changes in muscle length and muscle force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of cervical muscle response and injury of driver during a frontal vehicle collision

Gao

et al. 2015

BME

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Abstract. Frontal vehicle collisions can cause injury to a driver's cervical muscles resulting from intense changes in muscle strain and muscle load. This study investigated the influence of collision forces in a sled test environment using a modified Hybrid III 50 th percentile dummy equipped with simulated spring-type muscles. Cervical muscle responses including strain and load of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis (SPL), and trapezius (TRP) were analyzed, and muscle injury was assessed. The SCM, SPL, and TRP suffered average peak muscle strains of 21%, 40%, and 23%, respectively, exceeding the injury threshold. The average peak muscle loads of the SCM, SPL and TRP were 11 N, 25 N, and 25 N, respectively, lower than the ultimate failure load. The SPL endured the largest injury, while the injuries to the SCM and TRP were relatively small. This is a preliminary study to assess the cervical muscle of driver during a frontal vehicle collision. This study provides a foundation for investigating the muscle response and injury in sled test environments, which can lead to the improvement of occupant protections.

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Biofidelic whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication for whiplash simulation

Cited by 46 publications

References 73 publications

Cervical facet joint kinematics during bilateral facet dislocation

Cervical facet joint kinematics during bilateral facet dislocation

Injury of the anterior longitudinal ligament during whiplash simulation

Study of cervical muscle response and injury of driver during a frontal vehicle collision

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