Biofertilizers Application in Agriculture: A Viable Option to Chemical Fertilizers

Biofertilizers: A Sustainable Strategy for Organic Farming That Would Increase Crop Production and Soil Health

“…A gram-negative, microaerophilic, spherical-shaped, heterotrophic, associative symbiotic bacteria that fall under the family Spirilaceae is termed Azospirillum, which may fix between 20 and 40 kg of nitrogen per hectare without forming root nodules (Daniel et al, 2022) and (Nayak, 2017), also helps in releasing growth fostering chemicals (IAA), making plants free from disease incidence, and develop stress bearing capacity in a plant (Rakesh Kumar1, 2017). Associative symbiotic bacteria called Azospirillum are found in the rhizosphere zone of taller plants they don't show any symbiotic association to plant roots and survive by feeding on the organic compounds released by the growing seedlings plants in return these bacteria provide beneficial nutrients like nitrogen that plants use for development and growth (Srivastava, 2021). The genus Azospirillum contains several species, but Azospirillum lipoferum and A. brasilense are almost useful due to their capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen on organic compounds produced by plant roots, such as malic and aspartic acid, and their symbiotic relationship with C4 plants.…”

“…It has demonstrated several favourable or constructive impacts on crop growth or production in the agricultural industry. Growth-regulating chemicals, including auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellic acid (GA), can aid with this through their production (Srivastava, 2021). The abundance of slime produced by the bacteria helps the soil to aggregate (Rakesh Kumar1, 2017).…”

“…The use of biofertilizers boosts biological control and the malignancy of phytopathogenic animals while also improving production quickly, absorbing little energy, reducing soil and water pollution, and enhancing soil fertility (Silpa et al, 2021). In contrast to chemical fertilizer, which is reported to lose between 60% and 90% of its total applied amount outside the soil surface and is used by plants for growth, biofertilizer can be added to soil as inoculums that undergo division by taking part in the Process of cycling nutrients, which directly enhanced crop productivity (Srivastava, 2021). Biofertilizers are used by agriculturists and farmers as carriers or based inoculants to increase soil productivity by fixing airborne phosphates, solubilizing them, or promoting plant development through the creation of chemicals that promote growth and contain cells that contain efficient strains of specific organisms (namely bacteria) in various crops (Table 1) (Husain, 2022).…”

Effect of Bio-Fertilizer Application on Agronomic Traits, Yield, and Nutrient Uptake of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Saline Soil

“…They work to fix atmospheric nitrogen, dissolve and mobilize soil nutrients, or one of these processes, in addition to secreting substances that promote plant growth [32][33][34]. Currently, biofertilizers are available as alternatives to traditional chemical fertilizers or are used to reduce the amounts of chemical fertilizers used [35].…”