Bioética e interculturalidade na atenção à saúde indígena

Abstract

Resumo Este artigo aponta aspectos socioculturais, teóricos e jurídicos para uma bioética intercultural na atenção à saúde dos povos indígenas do Brasil. A partir de uma perspectiva que busca construir práticas bioéticas adequadas aos encontros entre culturas, o texto argumenta que o foco em tecnologias leves de saúde pode ser um caminho para superar as dificuldades encontradas em um contexto permeado pela colonialidade e o racismo estrutural. Algumas experiências de prática bioética intercultural são apresentadas no artigo. Essas experiências, apesar de se referirem ao contexto brasileiro, podem ser aplicadas em outros cenários de encontro entre diferentes culturas.

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“…Many African cultures, as well as other first nations and indigenous communities across different settings, have very specific interpretations of the human body and the transition between life and the afterlife. [20][21][22] Bodily fluids, especially blood, are seen as sacred, and are capable of maintaining a spiritual connection to the host, even when these fluids are extracted and stored away from the affected person. [22] These cultural beliefs and the spiritual link between bodily fluids and the affected person can differ significantly from those held in Eurocentric and North American settings.…”

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“…Grubits and Da Silva (2006) point out that this hierarchical structure of knowledge promotes prejudice and exclusion of indigenous knowledge in its own health management, whose autonomy is questioned due to the Eurocentric and patriarchal ideology of superiority and tutelage, carried out by various sociopolitical instances. Melo et al (2021) state that, in the scientific community, health knowledge coming from indigenous peoples is still seen only as "beliefs", as they are prepared and executed by healers, shamans and shamans, with materials from the environment (teas, herbs, blessings ) and these practices are pejoratively called sorcery. In addition to this context, the diseases that affect indigenous populations more frequently and intensely, whether due to genetic or sociocultural factors, do not receive sufficient attention and investment, which makes it difficult to produce scientific knowledge aimed at indigenous peoples.…”