Bioethanol Production From Agricultural Waste: A Review

Abstract

The importance of this research lies in keeping pace with the global trend to diversify energy sources and reduce climate change and air pollution by shedding light on how to benefit from agricultural waste by using it as a raw material for the production of bioethanol, which is one of the most important types of renewable fuels. This review highlighted the; ways of converting agricultural and fruit waste into bioethanol and its environmental and economic benefits-including adding it to gasoline used as car fuel in different proportions, as it works to raise the octane number of gasoline and improve its quality, thus reducing its production costs and reducing gas emissions from vehicle exhaust. In addition, the global production of bio-ethanol was reviewed and is expected to reach it by the end of 2023. It also highlighted the results of several studies that dealt with the properties and uses of ethanol and the best agricultural wastes used for this purpose. It is suggested to focus on the agricultural waste in Iraq, such as rice husks, in terms of cost and conditions for improvement to increase bio-ethanol production using fermentation processes.

Dyes Adsorption from Contaminated Aqueous Solution Using Sylicone Dioxide Nanoparticles Prepared from the Extracted Tree Leaves

“…A wide range of contaminants can be remediated by agricultural and industrials wastes, such as phenols (Ho, 2022), inorganic toxic (Alalwan et al, 2020), heavy metals (Hashem et al, 2021), hardness (Ibrahim et al, 2021), etc. Although the accumulation of these residues laden with toxic pollutants after the end of the adsorption process generated an additional problem that required disposal, the concept of the zero-residue level opened new horizons for benefiting from these residues (Hamdi et al, 2024). Instead of the need to eliminate these materials, it was possible, via this concept, to convert them into useful materials in an economical, low-cost, and environmentally friendly way, such as benefiting from them before using as an adsorption media in converting them after completion of their use into a rodenticide (Abd ali et al, 2018) as a result of their effects, or as a kind of fertilizer (Abbas, 2015), a nanomaterial (Alminshid et al, 2021), a concrete additive (Abbas et al, 2022a), or a useful substance (Abbas et al, 2022b).…”