Bioerosion along a bathymetric gradient in a cold-temperate setting (Kosterfjord, SW Sweden): an experimental study

Wisshak, Max; Gektidis, Marcos; Freiwald, André; Lundälv, Tomas

doi:10.1007/s10347-005-0009-1

Cited by 108 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The experimental design was modified from the approved setup applied during the Kosterfjord Experiment (Wisshak et al, 2005;Wisshak, 2006). The basic unit were experimental platforms mounted to cliff boulders in the intertidal zone, placed by scuba diving (down to 15 m water depth), and deployed with the submersible "Lula" (below 15 m) along a bathymetric transect in 0, 5, 15, 60, 150 and 500 m water depth, covering all photic zones from the intertidal to aphotic depths ( Fig.…”

Section: The Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hoskin et al, 1986;Hassan, 1998;Vogel et al, 1996Vogel et al, , 2000see Wisshak, 2006 for a review) as well as qualitative assessments of bioeroding communities (e.g. Golubic et al, 1975;Zeff and Perkins, 1979;Budd and Perkins, 1980;Wisshak et al, 2005). Light also governs the differential bioerosion rates of the directly illuminated up-facing orientation compared to the shaded down-facing substrates.…”

Section: Carbonate Bioerosion and Accretion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7) -roughly following the course of the Gulf Stream -there are three studies that allow for a semi-direct comparison. These are the experiments in the cold-temperate Swedish Kosterfjord in 59 • northern latitude (Wisshak et al, 2005, Wisshak, 2006 on the one hand and the studies on the tropical Bahamas (26 • N) carried out by Hoskin et al (1986) and Vogel et al (1996Vogel et al ( , 2000 on the other. These experiments applied a similar experimental design with respect to the utilised micritic limestone as substrate, a similar gravimetrical approach for determining the rates (except for Vogel et al, 1996Vogel et al, , 2000, who used SEM surveys for quantifying bioerosion), and the investigation over an extended bathymetrical range.…”

Section: Latitudinal Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperate carbonate cycling and water mass properties from intertidal to bathyal depths (Azores)

Wisshak¹,

Form

Jakobsen³

et al. 2010

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. The rugged submarine topography of the Azores supports a diverse heterozoan association resulting in intense biotically-controlled carbonate-production and accumulation. In order to characterise this cold-water (C) factory a 2-year experiment was carried out in the southern Faial Channel to study the biodiversity of hardground communities and for budgeting carbonate production and degradation along a bathymetrical transect from the intertidal to bathyal 500 m depth.Seasonal temperatures peak in September (above a thermocline) and bottom in March (stratification diminishes) with a decrease in amplitude and absolute values with depth, and tidal-driven short-term fluctuations. Measured seawater stable isotope ratios and levels of dissolved nutrients decrease with depth, as do the calcium carbonate saturation states. The photosynthetic active radiation shows a base of the euphotic zone in ∼70 m and a dysphotic limit in ∼150 m depth.Bioerosion, being primarily a function of light availability for phototrophic endoliths and grazers feeding upon them, is ∼10 times stronger on the illuminated upside versus the shaded underside of substrates in the photic zone, with maximum rates in the intertidal (−631 g/m 2 /yr). Rates rapidly decline towards deeper waters where bioerosion and carbonate accretion are slow and epibenthic/endolithic communities take years to mature. Accretion rates are highest in the lower euphotic zone (955 g/m 2 /yr), where the substrate is less prone to hydrodynamic force. Highest rates are found -inversely to bioerosion -on down-facing substrates, suggesting that bioerosion may be a key factor governing the preferCorrespondence to: M. Wisshak (max.wisshak@gzn.uni-erlangen.de) ential settlement and growth of calcareous epilithobionts on down-facing substrates.In context of a latitudinal gradient, the Azores carbonate cycling rates plot between known values from the coldtemperate Swedish Kosterfjord and the tropical Bahamas, with a total range of two orders in magnitude. Carbonate budget calculations for the bathymetrical transect yield a mean 266.9 kg of epilithic carbonate production, −54.6 kg of bioerosion, and 212.3 kg of annual net carbonate production per metre of coastline in the Azores C factory.

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Section: The Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbonate Bioerosion and Accretion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Latitudinal Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperate carbonate cycling and water mass properties from intertidal to bathyal depths (Azores)

Wisshak¹,

Form

Jakobsen³

et al. 2010

Biogeosciences

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“…Wisshak et al 2005). In experiments in the laboratory and the field, marine fungi are suppressed by exposure to light or do not usually respond to light changes (e.g.…”

Section: Effects Of the Environment On Diseases Of Corals And Molluscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to phototrophs, O. implexa was found in deeper, more uniform environments, where salinities did not much fluctuate (Wisshak et al 2005). O. implexa can also occur in brackish water.…”

Section: Effects Of the Environment On Diseases Of Corals And Molluscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of endolithic fungi in bioerosion and disease in marine ecosystems. II. Potential facultatively parasitic anamorphic ascomycetes can cause disease in corals and molluscs

et al. 2017

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Anamorphic ascomycetes have been implicated as causative agents of diseases in tissues and skeletons of hard corals, in tissues of soft corals (sea fans) and in tissues and shells of molluscs. Opportunist marine fungal pathogens, such as Aspergillus sydowii, are important components of marine mycoplankton and are ubiquitous in the open oceans, intertidal zones and marine sediments. These fungi can cause infection in or at least can be associated with animals which live in these ecosystems. A. sydowii can produce toxins which inhibit photosynthesis in and the growth of coral zooxanthellae. The prevalence of many documented infections has increased in frequency and severity in recent decades with the changing impacts of physical and chemical factors, such as temperature, acidity and eutrophication. Changes in these factors are thought to cause significant loss of biodiversity in marine ecosystems on a global scale in general, and especially in coral reefs and shallow bays.

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Limited Carbonate Dissolution by Boring Microflora at Two Volcanically Acidified Temperate Sites: Ischia (Italy, Mediterranean Sea) and Faial (Azores, NE Atlantic Ocean)

Tribollet

Grange

Parra

et al. 2018

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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In situ effects of ocean acidification on carbonate dissolution by microboring flora, also called biogenic dissolution, have only been studied once in tropical environments. Naturally acidified seawaters due to CO2 vents offer a perfect setting to study these effects in temperate systems. Three sites were selected at Ischia (Italy, Mediterranean Sea) with one experiencing ambient pH and the two others a mean pHT of 7.2 and 7.5. At Faial (Azores, NE Atlantic), one site with ambient pH and one acidified site with a mean pHT of 7.4 were selected. Experiments were carried out during 1.5 months and 6 months in Azores and Ischia, respectively, to determine the effects of OA on microboring communities in various carbonate substrates. Low pH influenced negatively boring microflora development by limiting their depth of penetration and abundance in substrates. Biogenic dissolution was thus reduced by a factor 3 to 7 depending on sites and substrate types. At sites with ambient pH in Faial, biogenic dissolution contributed up to 23% to the total weight loss, while it contributed less than 1% to the total weight loss of substrates at the acidified sites. Most of the dissolution at these sites was due to chemical dissolution (often Ω ≤ 1). Such conditions maintained microboring communities at a pioneer stage with a limited depth of penetration in substrates. Our results, together with previous findings that showed an increase of biogenic dissolution at pH > 7.7, suggest that there is a pH tipping point below which microborer development and thus carbonate biogenic dissolution is strongly limited.

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Bioerosion along a bathymetric gradient in a cold-temperate setting (Kosterfjord, SW Sweden): an experimental study

Cited by 108 publications

References 37 publications

Temperate carbonate cycling and water mass properties from intertidal to bathyal depths (Azores)

Temperate carbonate cycling and water mass properties from intertidal to bathyal depths (Azores)

The roles of endolithic fungi in bioerosion and disease in marine ecosystems. II. Potential facultatively parasitic anamorphic ascomycetes can cause disease in corals and molluscs

Limited Carbonate Dissolution by Boring Microflora at Two Volcanically Acidified Temperate Sites: Ischia (Italy, Mediterranean Sea) and Faial (Azores, NE Atlantic Ocean)

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