Nitric
oxide (NO) intervenes, that is, a potential treatment
strategy,
and has attracted wide attention in the field of tumor therapy. However,
the therapeutic effect of NO is still poor, due to its short half-life
and instability. Therapeutic concentration ranges of NO should be
delivered to the target tissue sites, cell, and even subcellular organelles
and to control NO generation. Mitochondria have been considered a
major target in cancer therapy for their essential roles in cancer
cell metabolism and apoptosis. In this study, mesoporous silicon-coated
gold nanorods encapsulated with a mitochondria targeted and the thermosensitive
lipid layer (AuNR@MSN-lipid-DOX) served as the carrier to load NO
prodrug (BNN6) to build the near-infrared-triggered synergetic photothermal
NO-chemotherapy platform (AuNR@MSN(BNN6)-lipid-DOX). The core of AuNR@MSN
exhibited excellent photothermal conversion capability and high loading
efficiency in terms of BNN6, reaching a high value of 220 mg/g (w/w),
which achieved near-infrared-triggered precise release of NO. The
outer biocompatible lipid layer, comprising thermosensitive phospholipid
DPPC and mitochondrial-targeted DSPE-PEG2000-DOX, guided
the whole nanoparticle to the mitochondria of 4T1 cells observed through
confocal microscopy. In the mitochondria, the nanoparticles increased
the local temperature over 42 °C under NIR irradiation, and a
high NO concentration from BNN6 detected by the NO probe and DSPE-PEG2000-DOX significantly inhibited 4T1 cancer cells in vitro
and in vivo under the synergetic photothermal therapy (PTT)–NO
therapy–chemotherapy modes. The built NIR-triggered combination
therapy nanoplatform can serve as a strategy for multimodal collaboration.