Bioengineering platforms for cell therapeutics derived from pluripotent and direct reprogramming

Abstract

Pluripotent and direct reprogramming technologies hold great potential for tissue repair and restoration of tissue and organ function. The implementation of induced pluripotent stem cells and directly reprogrammed cells in biomedical research has resulted in a significant leap forward in the highly promising area of regenerative medicine. While these therapeutic strategies are promising, there are several obstacles to overcome prior to the introduction of these therapies into clinical settings. Bioengineering technologies, such as biomaterials, bioprinting, microfluidic devices, and biostimulatory systems, can enhance cell viability, differentiation, and function, in turn the efficacy of cell therapeutics generated via pluripotent and direct reprogramming. Therefore, cellular reprogramming technologies, in combination with tissue-engineering platforms, are poised to overcome current bottlenecks associated with cell-based therapies and create new ways of producing engineered tissue substitutes.

Synergetic osteogenesis of extracellular vesicles and loading RGD colonized on 3D-printed titanium implants

“…Furthermore, EVs also have the capacity to mediate cell-to-cell communication through proteins, lipids and nucleic acids packed from original cells. 17 EVs derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-EVs) have been found to communicate with MSCs to trigger osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of MSCs in vitro and markedly accelerate bone regeneration in vivo. [18][19][20] Thus, EVs carrying GRGDSPC are expected to modify the titanium surface and play a synergistic role in osteogenesis.…”

Advanced lung organoids for respiratory system and pulmonary disease modeling

“…Moreover, the intervention of biomaterials, including hydrogels and scaffolds, and advanced culture systems, including ALI and microfluidics, has improved culture environments to recapitulate the complexity and architecture of native lung tissues and their niches ( Figure 2 ). 84 These advancements offer researchers valuable tools to study organogenesis and disease mechanisms, perform drug screening, and develop personalized medicine.…”

Updated Perspectives on Direct Vascular Cellular Reprogramming and Their Potential Applications in Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts

“…Decellularised grafts have several advantages: reduced host-immune responses; presence of natural biochemical and biomechanical properties; presence of bioactive substances that facilitate the migration of endogenous cells and progenitors; observe high biodegradability without the release of toxic products, and can be re-populated with patient-derived cells [ 67 ]. Disadvantages include incomplete decellularization, loss of some properties through the decellularization process, difficulty achieving complete recellularisation and mismatch between graft degradation rates and the tissue regeneration rate [ 67 , 68 ]. Several papers have elegantly documented the advantages and disadvantages of decellularised grafts [ 69 , 70 , 71 ].…”

“…One limitation of decellularised grafts is the difficulty replanting cells due to the complex ECM architecture [ 68 ]. A solution is to use solubilised decellularised grafts to create 2D coatings and 3D hydrogels to improve cell adhesion and maturation [ 73 ].…”