Bioengineered Plants Can Be an Alternative Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Human Health

Lakra, Nita; Mahmood, Saquib; Marwal, Avinash; Sudheep, Naga M.; Anwar, Khalid

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03344-6_16

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The activity of various fatty acid desaturases is also crucial in the context of nutritional properties of edible oils, as these enzymes determine the contents of individual PUFAs in the final product [71,72]. Progress in genetic engineering opened a perspective for modification of fatty acid desaturases to enrich cultivated plants in particularly desirable FAs.…”

Section: Role Of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases in Health and Disease

Czumaj

Śledziński

2020

Nutrients

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered one of the most important components of cells that influence normal development and function of many organisms, both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Unsaturated fatty acid desaturases play a crucial role in the synthesis of PUFAs, inserting additional unsaturated bonds into the acyl chain. The level of expression and activity of different types of desaturases determines profiles of PUFAs. It is well recognized that qualitative and quantitative changes in the PUFA profile, resulting from alterations in the expression and activity of fatty acid desaturases, are associated with many pathological conditions. Understanding of underlying mechanisms of fatty acid desaturase activity and their functional modification will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies in diseases associated with qualitative and quantitative disorders of PUFA.

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Section: Role Of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases in Health and Disease

Czumaj

Śledziński

2020

Nutrients

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“…Thanks to their first place in the food chain, microalgae could be an interesting alternative to replace fish oils. In addition, they are less sensitive to heavy metal contamination [ 15 ]. Moreover, microalgae are a potential source of other highly bioactive molecules such as pigments, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble), phytosterols or proteins [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Marine Microalga, Tisochrysis lutea, Protects against Metabolic Disorders Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity

et al. 2021

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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 series and especially docosahexaenoic acid are known to exert preventive effects on metabolic disturbances associated with obesity and decrease cardiovascular disease risk. n-3 LC-PUFAs are mainly consumed in the form of fish oil, while other sources, such as certain microalgae, may contain a high content of these fatty acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Tisochrysis lutea (Tiso), a microalga rich in DHA, on metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Three male Wistar rat groups were submitted for eight weeks to a standard diet or high-fat and high fructose diet (HF), supplemented or not with 12% of T. lutea (HF-Tiso). The supplementation did not affect plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALAT). Bodyweight, glycemia and insulinemia decreased in HF-Tiso rats (ANOVA, p < 0.001), while total plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) increased (ANOVA, p < 0.001) without change of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels. Tiso supplementation decreased fat mass and leptinemia as well as liver TAG, cholesterol and plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (ANOVA, p < 0.001) while it did not affect interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-4 and lipopolysaccharides levels. HF-Tiso rats showed an increase of IL-10 level in abdominal adipose tissue (ANOVA, p < 0.001). In conclusion, these results indicated that DHA-rich T. lutea might be beneficial for the prevention of obesity and improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism.

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“…To remedy this problem, n-3 LC-PUFA derived from microalgae could represent an interesting alternative. Indeed, thanks to their first place in the food chain, microalgae are less sensitive to heavy metal contamination [24]. Moreover, microalgae are a potential source of highly bioactive secondary metabolites such as pigments, sterols and soluble fibers and offer better nutritional value than fish oils [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Carotenoids from Phaeodactylum tricornutum on Palmitate-Treated HepG2 Cells

et al. 2020

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represents the most common liver disease and is characterized by an excess of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, mainly stored as triglycerides. Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a marine microalga, which is rich in bioactive molecules known to be hepatoprotective, such as n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and fucoxanthin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a carotenoid extract from P. tricornutum in a cellular model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by palmitate treatment. The combined effects of carotenoids and lipids, especially n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, were also investigated by using a total lipophilic extract. HepG2 cells were exposed for 24 h to 250 µM palmitate with or without the addition of carotenoid extract (6 μg/mL) or total lipophilic extract (100 μg/mL). The addition of carotenoid extract or total lipophilic extract prevented the accumulation of triglycerides, total cholesterol and cholesterol esters. The carotenoid extract and total lipophilic extract also decreased the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipogenesis (ACACA, FASN, SCD and DGAT1) and cholesterol esterification (ACAT1/SOAT1). In addition, the total lipophilic extract also downregulated the LXR/NR1H3 and SREBF1 genes, which are involved in lipogenesis regulation. By contrast, the carotenoid extract increased the mRNA level of CPT1A, a β-oxidation related gene, and reduced the lipid droplet accumulation. In conclusion, this study highlights the preventive effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease of the two microalga extracts.

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Bioengineered Plants Can Be an Alternative Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Human Health

Cited by 7 publications

References 118 publications

Biological Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases in Health and Disease

Biological Role of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Desaturases in Health and Disease

The Marine Microalga, Tisochrysis lutea, Protects against Metabolic Disorders Associated with Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity

Effect of Carotenoids from Phaeodactylum tricornutum on Palmitate-Treated HepG2 Cells

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