Bioenergy and rural development: The role of agroforestry in a Tanzanian village economy

Faße, Anja; Winter, Etti; Grote, Ulrike

doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.07.018

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A total of 1.064 PPP$ of this increase came from the sample's own sector, and 1.051 PPP$ came from the link between the banana sector and other sectors in the economy. Overall, the multiplier values for agricultural activities were in the same range as those in other studies on comparable areas [8,23,52], suggesting a sound estimate. Horticultural food crops had the highest multiplier effects in the sample regions, with an approximately 2 PPP$ increase in economic output for every PPP$ increase in demand.…”

Section: Multiplier and Income Effectssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Forward production linkages include the processing and trade of the products [50]. AIVs in Kenya are usually sold fresh in bundles to the end customer, and in rare cases, processing steps such Production linkages increase if sectors or crops produce output that can be used for multiple purposes in the village economy [52] or if sectors are linked to many other sectors in the region [53]. Thus, production linkages depend not only on the product produced but also on the agricultural system in which the product is grown.…”

Section: Figure 1 Conceptual Framework Of a Social Accounting Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient-Dense Crops for Rural and Peri-Urban Smallholders in Kenya—A Regional Social Accounting Approach

2019

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Kenya ranks among the countries with the highest micronutrient deficiency worldwide. Due to their high micronutrient content, African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) can be a solution to this problem, and urban areas in Kenya have seen a rise in demand for these crops in the previous decade. To fill the gap between supply and demand, programmes to promote AIV production have been implemented in rural and peri-urban areas. However, the effects of increased AIV production on income and food security in the regional economies are not clear. Thus, in this analysis, we first evaluate differences between the livelihoods of household groups with different levels of food security in rural and peri-urban Kenya using a two-step cluster analysis. Then, we generate a regional social accounting matrix (SAM) and calculate the direct and indirect income effects of AIVs and other crops grown in the area using a multiplier analysis. For the analysis, a total of 706 small-scale vegetable producers in four counties in Kenya were interviewed in 2015. Households in rural areas were more food insecure, especially with respect to the utilization and stability dimension of food security. Multiplier analysis showed increased indirect income effects of AIVs in the regional economy compared to those of many cash crops. We suggest further promoting the production of AIVs in rural and peri-urban Kenya.

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Section: Multiplier and Income Effectssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Figure 1 Conceptual Framework Of a Social Accounting Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient-Dense Crops for Rural and Peri-Urban Smallholders in Kenya—A Regional Social Accounting Approach

2019

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“…The ESAM provides a consistent data framework that can flexibly be extended and used as a point of reference for economic modeling. Our ESAM complements the few in existence from Faße, Winter, and Grote (2014); Shiferaw and Holden (2000);and San Martin and Holden (2004). We, however, go further and integrate multiple environmental resources within the single ESAM.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessing natural resource management through integrated environmental and social-economic accounting

Morton

Winter

Grote

2016

The Journal of Environment & Development

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Local natural resource management in its diverse manifestations holds core to its principles that the marginal and vulnerable households are empowered to manage valuable natural resources to improve social and economic equality and conserve biodiversity. Yet studies aiming to identify the impacts often show inconsistent results. Through constructing an integrated Environmental and Social Accounting Matrix (ESAM), we aim to assess how natural resources are used in different sectors and by different livelihoods, thus delivering different direct and indirect benefits to the community. The study was conducted in Namibia's Sikunga Conservancy, which manages wildlife and fish resources in the Zambezi region. Our village-level ESAM shows an economic structure that strongly disadvantages remote households and identifies a small sector of the economy that benefits significantly from the use of natural resources. The ESAM approach is able to isolate undesirable socioeconomic developments such as unequal benefit sharing, which hinders community development.

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“…We therefore suggest fully exploring the pertinent options available now [ Rockström et al ., ], which include reforestation of degraded land [ Lamb et al ., ; Chazdon , ; Reij and Winterbottom , ; Morrison , ] and the protection of degraded forests to allow them to recover naturally and increase their carbon storage, e.g., within the Bonn Challenge initiative (http://www.bonnchallenge.org/) or the New York Declaration on Forests [ International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (n.d.) Streck et al ., ]. Further options range from up‐scaled agro‐forestry approaches [ Faße et al ., ; Lasco et al ., ; Zomer et al ., ] to the application of biochar [ Woolf et al ., ; Crombie et al ., ; Smith , ] and various no‐tillage practices for food production on appropriate soils [ Lal et al ., ; Davin et al ., ; Mangalassery et al ., ; Rockström et al ., ]. Also, it becomes overwhelmingly evident that humanity cannot anymore afford to waste up to 50% of its agricultural harvest along various consumption chains [ Smith et al ., ; Hiç et al ., ] or to go on operating ineffective irrigation systems [ Jägermeyr et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The limits to global‐warming mitigation by terrestrial carbon removal

et al. 2017

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Massive near-term greenhouse gas emissions reduction is a precondition for staying "well below 2 ∘ C" global warming as envisaged by the Paris Agreement. Furthermore, extensive terrestrial carbon dioxide removal (tCDR) through managed biomass growth and subsequent carbon capture and storage is required to avoid temperature "overshoot" in most pertinent scenarios. Here, we address two major issues: First, we calculate the extent of tCDR required to "repair" delayed or insufficient emissions reduction policies unable to prevent global mean temperature rise of 2.5 ∘ C or even 4.5 ∘ C above pre-industrial level. Our results show that those tCDR measures are unable to counteract "business-as-usual" emissions without eliminating virtually all natural ecosystems. Even if considerable (Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 [RCP4.5]) emissions reductions are assumed, tCDR with 50% storage efficiency requires >1.1 Gha of the most productive agricultural areas or the elimination of >50% of natural forests. In addition, >100 MtN/yr fertilizers would be needed to remove the roughly 320 GtC foreseen in these scenarios. Such interventions would severely compromise food production and/or biosphere functioning. Second, we reanalyze the requirements for achieving the 160-190 GtC tCDR that would complement strong mitigation action (RCP2.6) in order to avoid 2 ∘ C overshoot anytime. We find that a combination of high irrigation water input and/or more efficient conversion to stored carbon is necessary. In the face of severe trade-offs with society and the biosphere, we conclude that large-scale tCDR is not a viable alternative to aggressive emissions reduction. However, we argue that tCDR might serve as a valuable "supporting actor" for strong mitigation if sustainable schemes are established immediately. Plain Language SummaryIn 2015, parties agreed to limit global warming to "well below" 2 ∘ C above pre-industrial levels. However, this requires not only massive near-term greenhouse gas emissions reductions but also the application of "negative emission" techniques that extract already emitted carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Specifically, this could refer to the establishment of extensive plantations of fast-growing tree and grass species in combination with biomass conversion to carbon-saving products. Although such deployment is seen as promising, its carbon sequestration potentials and possible side-effects still remain to be studied in depth. In this study, we analyzed two feasibility aspects of such a negative emissions approach using biomass plantations and carbon utilization pathways. First, we show that biomass plantations with subsequent carbon immobilization are likely unable to "repair" insufficient emission reduction policies without compromising food production and biosphere functioning due to its space-consuming properties. Second, the requirements for a strong mitigation scenario staying below the 2 ∘ C target would require a combination of high irrigation water input and development of highly effect...

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Bioenergy and rural development: The role of agroforestry in a Tanzanian village economy

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Nutrient-Dense Crops for Rural and Peri-Urban Smallholders in Kenya—A Regional Social Accounting Approach

Nutrient-Dense Crops for Rural and Peri-Urban Smallholders in Kenya—A Regional Social Accounting Approach

Assessing natural resource management through integrated environmental and social-economic accounting

The limits to global‐warming mitigation by terrestrial carbon removal

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