Bioenergetics of Growth in Nestling Wood Storks

Kahl, M. P.

doi:10.2307/1365200

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Several shortterm fluctuations occurred. Mean relative food intake (Kahl 1962) is plotted as a moving …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic Requirements for Growth and Maintenance of the Cape Gannet (Aves; Sulidae)

Cooper

1978

Zoologica Africana

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Energetic requirements for growth and maintenance of the Cape gannet (Sula capeiUis) were studied by hand-rearing captive chicks and keeping juveniles in captivity at constant mass. Daily gain in mass was linear until 60 days of age; after 82 days the chicks lost mass prior to attaining fledging age (97 days). Daily relative growth decreased with age. Food intake increased to 70 days and thereafter decreased.Guano production increased to SO days. Relative food intake decreued with age. Energy content of guano and assimilation efficiency showed no clear changes with age. Mass recession prior to fledging may be related to the lack of post-parental care. Hand-reared jptnnets grew at an optimum rate when compared with field growth rates from the literature. Juvenile buds were maintained on a diet forming 12,4% of body mass at an assimilation efficiency of 74,2%. Aviary-existence maintenance was 2,4 times standard metabolic rate. The cost of free living in an adult gannet is roughly estimated to be 4,5 X SMR, corresponding to a food intake of 20% of body mass.

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“…Several shortterm fluctuations occurred. Mean relative food intake (Kahl 1962) is plotted as a moving …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic Requirements for Growth and Maintenance of the Cape Gannet (Aves; Sulidae)

Cooper

1978

Zoologica Africana

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“…Fast growing nestlings allocate energy toward rapid development of skeletal muscles,intestine, liver, stomach, and kidney (Austin and Ricklefs 1977;Kahl 1962;Lilja 1983;Olson 2001) which often represent a large proportion of the total body mass at hatching and during the periods of highest growth rate (Starck 1996). In three precocial galliform species, increases in liver, gut, and heart mass were largely responsible for initial increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR) measured shortly after hatching, with liver mass appearing to contribute the most (Dietz 1995).…”

Section: B Oxphos CImentioning

confidence: 99%

The 12-day thermoregulatory metamorphosis of Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus)

Sirsat

Crossley

et al. 2016

J Comp Physiol B

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We examined development of endothermy in altricial Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) by measuring oxygen consumption [Formula: see text], body temperature and ventilation at ambient temperatures from 35 to 15 °C. Mitochondrial respiration of permeabilized skeletal muscle was also measured from breast (pectoralis) and thigh (femorotibialis) muscles. Animals were studied from the first day of hatching through fledging (12 days post-hatch, dph). Nestling whole-body metabolic rate began to show an endothermic response to cold temperature midway between hatching and fledging. Nestlings less than 5 dph were unable to maintain elevated [Formula: see text] and body temperature when exposed to gradually decreasing temperature, whereas 7 dph nestlings maintained [Formula: see text] until ~25 °C, after which [Formula: see text] decreased. From 10 dph to fledging, animals maintained elevated [Formula: see text] and body temperature when exposed to gradual cooling; full endothermic capacity was achieved. Ventilation followed a similar developmental trend to that of [Formula: see text], with increases in 10 dph fledglings occurring in tidal volume rather than ventilation frequency. LEAK respiration and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through complex I of breast muscle mitochondria increased significantly after 3 dph. Expression of avUCP and PCG-1α mRNA increased significantly at 3 dph and remained elevated in both skeletal muscle types. Increased metabolic capacity at the cellular level occurred prior to that of the whole animal. This change in whole animal metabolic capacity increased steadily upon hatching as evidenced by the shift of metabolic rate from an ectothermic to endothermic phenotype and the increase of mitochondrial OXPHOS activity of the shivering muscles of this altricial avian species.

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“…Depending on their age in days since hatching, there is some maximum that an in{:iivid~al ~mstling can consume (Kahl 1962). Fhis maximum increases linearly at first, then levels off and finally declines as the nestling approaches fledging (see Figure 4).…”

Section: Energetics and Growth Submodels Of Nestlingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of landscape heterogeneity to wood storks in Florida Everglades

Fleming

Wolff

Jiang

1994

Environmental Management

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/ Declines in populations of and reproductive success of wood storks and other wading birds have occurred in the Florida Everglades over the past several decades. These declines have been concurrent with major changes in the Everglades' landscape characteristics. Among the plausible hypotheses that relate to landscape change are the following: (1) general loss of habitat; (2) heavy loss of specific habitat, namely, short-hydroperiod wetlands that provide high prey availability early in the breeding season; and (3) an increase in frequency of major drying out of the central slough areas, which can affect prey availability late in the breeding season.These three hypotheses were compared using an individual-based model of wood stork (Mycteria americana) reproduction. This model simulated the behavior and energetics of each individual wood stork in a breeding colony on 15-min time intervals. Changes in water depth and prey availability occurred on daily time steps. Simulation results showed a threshold response in reproductive success to reduction of wetland heterogeneity. Model comparisons in which (1) only short-hydroperiod wetlands were removed and (2) wetlands of both long and short hydropedods were removed showed that, for the same loss of total area, the specific habitat removal caused a much greater reduction in wood stork reproduction, indicating hypothesis 2 may be a more likely explanation than hypothesis 1. Reduction of initial prey availability in the central slough areas (simulating frequent drying; hypothesis 3) reduced fledging success by an average of more than 90% in the model.Changes in the trophic structure and dynamics of native animal assemblages that occur when natural landscape patterns are altered frequently result in a loss of biodiversity (Craighead 1968). For example, undisturbed natural areas such as the historical Everglades once supported large populations of top-level carnivores (Lovelass 1959, Craighead 1968, Robertson and Kushlan 1974, Kushlan and Frohring 1986, Fleming and others 1994. Such species, however, are often vulnerable to changes that alter the natural landscape (Wright and Hubbell 1983, Harris 1984, Lovejoy and others 1984, Quinn and others 1985, Noss 1987, Wilcove 1987, White 1987, Pirnm and Gilpin 1989.KEY WORDS: Computer simulation; Wood storks; Wading birds; Everglades; Individual-based modeling; Landscape heterogeneity *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.Declines in top carnivore populations have occurred in the Everglades concurrently with major changes in the system's landscape during the last several decades. Reduction in the system's areal extent, resulting changes in landscape composition or terrain patterns, and alteration of the seasonal hydrologic regime have resulted from drainage and water management for agriculture, flood control, urban development, and aquifer recharge (Parker and others 1955, Parker 1974, Wagner and Rosendahl 1985, Smith and others 1989, Johnson and others 1994, Fennema and others 1994. Severe population decl...

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Bioenergetics of Growth in Nestling Wood Storks

Cited by 50 publications

References 12 publications

Energetic Requirements for Growth and Maintenance of the Cape Gannet (Aves; Sulidae)

Energetic Requirements for Growth and Maintenance of the Cape Gannet (Aves; Sulidae)

The 12-day thermoregulatory metamorphosis of Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus)

Importance of landscape heterogeneity to wood storks in Florida Everglades

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