Bioenergetics of fish spermatozoa with focus on some herring (Clupea harengus) enzymes

Abstract

Herring (Clupea harengus) shows the unique behavior of reproductive biology in which spermatozoa remains in the surrounding media for extended periods. It is an excellent model for studying the malic enzyme (ME) and creatine kinase (CK) biochemical properties because of their high activity and variability of molecular isoforms. The specific activity of NAD-preferring ME in herring spermatozoa is the highest among other fish spermatozoa and is localized in its large mitochondrion. Two different CK isoforms, dimer and octamer, were detected in herring spermatozoa. It has already been shown that CK isoforms play an important role in energy homeostasis by catalyzing a reversible transfer of the phosphate of ATP to creatine to yield ADP and creatine phosphate (CP) (creatine/CP circuit). Two lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes were also shown in herring spermatozoa, LDH-B4 and LDH-A2B2. In this mini-review, the role of ME and energy transport system with easily diffusible creatine and CP in herring spermatozoa is discussed.

Swarming Aqua Sperm Micromotors for Active Bacterial Biofilms Removal in Confined Spaces

“…[ 34 ] Moreover, Aqua Sperm micromotors from African catfish have a naturally short lifetime probably due to an inadequate energy supply as fish sperms consume ATP very fast by dynein ATPase within the flagellar motile apparatus that drives sperm movement. [ 35 ]…”

“…[34] Moreover, Aqua Sperm micromotors from African catfish have a naturally short lifetime probably due to an inadequate energy supply as fish sperms consume ATP very fast by dynein ATPase within the flagellar motile apparatus that drives sperm movement. [35] Once the morphology and mobility of Aqua Sperm micromotors were evaluated, their interaction with the bacterial biofilm was studied. To perform these experiments, bacterial biofilms were prepared in Petri dishes for 24 h (see experimental details in the Materials and Methods section).…”

Effects of Cryopreservation on Sperm with Cryodiluent in Viviparous Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)

“…Furthermore, a decrease in the activity of metabolism-related enzymes was also detected in cryopreserved sperm, suggesting that cell membranes integrity and mitochondria function of sperm could be damaged by cryopreservation. In fish and other vertebrates, LDH catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate [ 32 ]. It was reported that lactate plus pyruvate seems to be the most favorable substrate to maintain ATP concentration and physiological level of adenylate energy charge of sperm from African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) during long-term storage at 4 °C [ 33 ].…”

Mitochondrial Number in Oligo and Azoospermia Male Patients

“…Mitochondria are micro-organelle that responsible for many biological function as generating energy, Ca homeostasis and apoptosis. The number and shape of mitochondria vary according to the cell types, as the number increase in cells that required high energy like muscles and sperm flagella (Perchec et al 1995;Gronczewska et al,2019).…”

“…The Oxidative phosphorylation proposed to be crucial determinant of the motility of sperms (Singh Rajender a.et al ,2010). Previous studies propose that fertilizing capacity related to characteristics of progressive motility of sperms and the sperms motility depending on the content of ATP (Christen et al 1987;Perchec et al 1995;Gronczewska .et al ,2019).…”