Bioelectronic neural pixel: Chemical stimulation and electrical sensing at the same site

Jönsson, Anna K.; Inal, Sahika; Uguz, Ilke; Williamson, Adam; Kergoat, Loïg; Rivnay, Jonathan; Khodagholy, Dion; Berggren, Magnus; Bernard, Christophe; Malliaras, George G.; Simon, Daniel T.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1604231113

Cited by 117 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Organic semiconductors are the most adapted active materials for OECTs because their performance to transport charge and host ions can be designed at will by molecular structure. OECTs are ideally suited for biological interfacing because of their stability in aqueous electrolytes, cytocompatibility, facile biofunctionalization, and sterilization by autoclaving . OECTs have evidently been used in logic circuits, some also integrating OFETs .…”

Section: Charge and Ion Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The field of organic electronics has been prolific in the last couple of years, leading to the design and synthesis of several molecular semiconductors presenting a mobility in excess of 10 cm2 V−1 s−1. However, it is also started to recently falter, as a result of doubtful mobility extractions and reduced industrial interest. This critical review addresses the community of chemists and materials scientists to share with it a critical analysis of the best performing molecular semiconductors and of the inherent charge transport physics that takes place in them. The goal is to inspire chemists and materials scientists and to give them hope that the field of molecular semiconductors for logic operations is not engaged into a dead end. To the contrary, it offers plenty of research opportunities in materials chemistry.

show abstract

Section: Charge and Ion Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Liquid drugs delivered using fluidic channels or ion pumping injections can spread to unwanted parts of the body 144,162–164. Moreover, microsized channels for drug delivery system can be easily bent and extended, resulting in leakage and reflux of drugs.…”

Section: Injectable Systems For the Spinal Cordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injectable Biomedical Devices for Sensing and Stimulating Internal Body Organs

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rapid pace of progress in implantable electronics driven by novel technology has created devices with unconventional designs and features to reduce invasiveness and establish new sensing and stimulating techniques. Among the designs, injectable forms of biomedical electronics are explored for accurate and safe targeting of deep‐seated body organs. Here, the classes of biomedical electronics and tools that have high aspect ratio structures designed to be injected or inserted into internal organs for minimally invasive monitoring and therapy are reviewed. Compared with devices in bulky or planar formats, the long shaft‐like forms of implantable devices are easily placed in the organs with minimized outward protrusions via injection or insertion processes. Adding flexibility to the devices also enables effortless insertions through complex biological cavities, such as the cochlea, and enhances chronic reliability by complying with natural body movements, such as the heartbeat. Diverse types of such injectable implants developed for different organs are reviewed and the electronic, optoelectronic, piezoelectric, and microfluidic devices that enable stimulations and measurements of site‐specific regions in the body are discussed. Noninvasive penetration strategies to deliver the miniscule devices are also considered. Finally, the challenges and future directions associated with deep body biomedical electronics are explained.

show abstract

“…The OEIP delivery channels terminated in PEDOT:PSS “pixels,” which were also connected via gold leads to recording equipment. These 20 × 20 µm PEDOT:PSS regions allowed delivery of ions from their OEIP side, and simultaneous electrophysiological recording—of the exact region effected by the substance delivery—via the gold leads …”

Section: Iontronic Circuits and Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade of Iontronic Delivery Devices

Sjöström

Berggren

Gabrielsson

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

Self Cite

112

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

comprises materials and devices that can fulfill just this dual ionic-electronic capability. Iontronics utilize the coupling of electrical and ionic signals in conducing polymers, leading to, for example, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), [2] electrolyte-gated (also known as electric doublelayer capacitor-gated) organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs), [3,4] organic electrochemical biosensors, [5,6] and iontronic delivery electrodes and devices. [7][8][9][10][11] In iontronic delivery devices (Figure 1), chemical gradients are created by controlled release of charged biomolecules (ions) at specific locations at specific times. [7,8,12] Ions are transported to these release sites through ionic conductors due to applied electric fields between electrodes. The ionic conductors form the foundation of iontronic resistors (organic electronic ion pumps, OEIPs), diodes, and transistors which can be combined into circuits for, for example, multiplexing, addressing, and signal processing. These iontronic circuits behave analogous to traditional electronics, but use ions as charge carriers rather than electrons, and allow for the development of fully chemical systems generating complex signal patterns at high spatiotemporal resolution and biochemical specificity.There are several other techniques for electronic control of substance release, drug delivery, or ion transport related to this form of iontronics. These include techniques such as microfluidic and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based micropumps, [13] iontophoresis, [14,15] and organic electronic redox-mediated controlled release. [11,16] In comparison to these technologies, iontronic drug delivery provides a means of simultaneously achieving high delivery precision, minimal (or zero) liquid transport that could interfere with fragile biochemical microenvironments, continuous resupply of the transported substance, and (in principle) exact control over delivered amounts, even at speeds on par with synaptic signaling. In addition, as they are based on well-established solid-state device manufacturing techniques, iontronic components and systems can be miniaturized, addressed, and integrated with complex electronic systems in a straightforward manner. These features of iontronics combine to enable the lowest dose possible. With other techniques for substance release and transport, larger doses are often distributed (usually in solution phase) with less control, which could result in unwanted side effects. Other technologies have their advantages primarily in potentially simpler device design, the ability to transport larger molecules (e.g., In contrast to electronic systems, biology rarely uses electrons as the signal to regulate functions, but rather ions and molecules of varying size. Due to the unique combination of both electronic and ionic/molecular conductivity in conjugated polymers and polyelectrolytes, these materials have emerged as an excellent tool for translating signals between these two realms, hence the field of organic bioelectroni...

show abstract

Bioelectronic neural pixel: Chemical stimulation and electrical sensing at the same site

Cited by 117 publications

References 35 publications

Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?

Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?

Injectable Biomedical Devices for Sensing and Stimulating Internal Body Organs

A Decade of Iontronic Delivery Devices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About