“…Several investigations have demonstrated the efficiency of EF in the treatment of real industrial wastewater, generally at the bench scale, whereas larger-scale reports are still scarce . The readers are referred to recent review papers by authoritative groups on EF applications, advances, and prospects for further details. ,− …”
Section: Challenges and Future Prospectsmentioning
This
review presents an exhaustive overview on the mechanisms of
Fe3+ cathodic reduction within the context of the electro-Fenton
(EF) process. Different strategies developed to improve the reduction
rate are discussed, dividing them into two categories that regard
the mechanistic feature that is promoted: electron transfer control
and mass transport control. Boosting the Fe3+ conversion
to Fe2+ via electron transfer control includes: (i) the
formation of a series of active sites in both carbon- and metal-based
materials and (ii) the use of other emerging strategies such as single-atom
catalysis or confinement effects. Concerning the enhancement of Fe2+ regeneration by mass transport control, the main routes
involve the application of magnetic fields, pulse electrolysis, interfacial
Joule heating effects, and photoirradiation. Finally, challenges are
singled out, and future prospects are described. This review aims
to clarify the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycling process in
the EF process, eventually providing essential ideas for smart design
of highly effective systems for wastewater treatment and valorization
at an industrial scale.
“…Several investigations have demonstrated the efficiency of EF in the treatment of real industrial wastewater, generally at the bench scale, whereas larger-scale reports are still scarce . The readers are referred to recent review papers by authoritative groups on EF applications, advances, and prospects for further details. ,− …”
Section: Challenges and Future Prospectsmentioning
This
review presents an exhaustive overview on the mechanisms of
Fe3+ cathodic reduction within the context of the electro-Fenton
(EF) process. Different strategies developed to improve the reduction
rate are discussed, dividing them into two categories that regard
the mechanistic feature that is promoted: electron transfer control
and mass transport control. Boosting the Fe3+ conversion
to Fe2+ via electron transfer control includes: (i) the
formation of a series of active sites in both carbon- and metal-based
materials and (ii) the use of other emerging strategies such as single-atom
catalysis or confinement effects. Concerning the enhancement of Fe2+ regeneration by mass transport control, the main routes
involve the application of magnetic fields, pulse electrolysis, interfacial
Joule heating effects, and photoirradiation. Finally, challenges are
singled out, and future prospects are described. This review aims
to clarify the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycling process in
the EF process, eventually providing essential ideas for smart design
of highly effective systems for wastewater treatment and valorization
at an industrial scale.
“…This may be because of the meagre voltage generation in the MFC (less than 2 V for stacked MFCs), which is far less than the oxygen evolution reaction potential of active electrodes (Pt, graphite and dimensionally stable anodes) as well as inactive electrodes (TiO 2 ). 89 Therefore, to meet the power demand of operating electrolysis reactors, multiple MFC reactors can be assembled in series. For instance, power generated from two single-chamber MFCs was used as a renewable energy source for operating the EO reactor for degrading pyridine and methyl orange.…”
Section: Integrated Bio-electrochemical Technologies and Hybrid Advan...mentioning
The remediation of emerging contaminants (ECs) of concern, such as personal care products, antibiotics, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), surfactants, pesticides, etc., is the need of the hour. Conventional wastewater treatment technologies...
“…In the study of electrochemical systems, a key component in the construction of the system to be studied is the electrode. In the context of PMFCs, electrodes should be conductive, biocompatible, chemically stable, and economical (Agrahari et al, 2022;Nidheesh et al, 2022). Carbon is an established material of choice due to its generally high conductivity, low resistance, and porous nature.…”
Plant-Microbial Fuel Cells (PMFCs) are a sustainable derivative of fuel cells that capitalizes on plant rhizodeposition to generate bioelectricity. In this study, the performance of the novel 3D-printed aquatic PMFC assembly with Eichhornia crassipes as the model plant was investigated. The design made use of 1.75 mm Protopasta Conductive Polylactic Acid (PLA) for the electrodes and 1.75 mm CCTREE Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) filaments for the separator. Three systems were prepared with three replicates each: PMFCs with the original design dimensions (System A), PMFCs with cathode-limited surface area variations (System B), and PMFCs with anode-limited surface area variations (System C). The maximum power density obtained by design was 82.54 µW/m2, while the average for each system is 26.99 µW/m2, 36.24 µW/m2, and 6.81 µW/m2, respectively. The effect of variations on electrode surface area ratio was also examined, and the results suggest that the design benefits from increasing the cathode surface area up to a cathode-anode surface area ratio of 2:1. This suggests that the cathode is the crucial component for this design due to it facilitating the rate-limiting step. Plant health was also found to be a contributing factor to PMFC performance, thereby suggesting that PMFCs are an interplay of several factors not limited to electrode surface area alone. The performance of the novel PMFC did not achieve those obtained from existing studies. Nevertheless, the result of this study indicates that 3D-printing technology is a possible retrofit for PMFC technology and can be utilized for scale-up and power amplification.
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