Bioelectrical Stimulation for the Reduction of Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Marshall, Ryan; Taylor, Ian L.; Lahr, Christopher J.; Abell, Thomas L.; Espinoza, Ingrid; Gupta, Nitin; Gómez, Christian R.

doi:10.4137/cgast.s31779

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Modulating peripheral nerve activity through targeted stimulation, known as neuromodulation, is currently being studied for numerous therapeutic applications. Some examples of emerging neuromodulation therapies include inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type II diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome [ 3 – 6 , 28 , 29 ]. Stimulating residual peripheral nerves has also been used to restore sensory function in amputees for neural interface applications [ 30 – 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward optical coherence tomography angiography-based biomarkers to assess the safety of peripheral nerve electrostimulation

Vasudevan

Shafer

et al. 2019

J. Neural Eng.

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Objective. Peripheral nerves serve as a link between the central nervous system and its targets. Altering peripheral nerve activity through targeted electrical stimulation is being investigated as a therapy for modulating end organ function. To support rapid advancement in the field, novel approaches to predict and prevent nerve injury resulting from electrical stimulation must be developed to overcome the limitations of traditional histological methods. The present study aims to develop an optical imaging-based approach for real-time assessment of peripheral nerve injury associated with electrical stimulation. Approach. We developed an optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography system and a 3D printed stimulating nerve stabilizer (sNS) to assess the real-time microvascular and blood flow changes associated with electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. We then compared the microvascular changes with established nerve function analysis and immunohistochemistry to correlate changes with nerve injury. Main results. Electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves has a direct influence on vessel diameter and capillary flow. The stimulation used in this study did not alter motor function significantly, but a delayed onset of mechanical allodynia at lower thresholds was observed using a sensory function test. Immunohistochemical analysis pointed to an increased number of macrophages within nerve fascicles and axon sprouting potentially related to nerve injury. Significance. This study is the first to demonstrate the ability to image peripheral nerve microvasculature changes during electrical stimulation. This expands the knowledge in the field and can be used to develop potential biomarkers to predict nerve injury resulting from electrical stimulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward optical coherence tomography angiography-based biomarkers to assess the safety of peripheral nerve electrostimulation

Vasudevan

Shafer

et al. 2019

J. Neural Eng.

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“…This study was also the first to show that VNS inhibits the production of TNF-α and other cytokines in humans by stimulating the inflammatory reflex, leading to an improvement of symptom severity. These data argue for an anti-inflammatory role of the vagus nerve and provide potential therapeutic applications for patients with IBDs ( 18 , 195 , 196 ).…”

Section: Vagus-related Treatment In Inflammatory Diseasementioning

confidence: 95%

Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders

et al. 2018

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The vagus nerve represents the main component of the parasympathetic nervous system, which oversees a vast array of crucial bodily functions, including control of mood, immune response, digestion, and heart rate. It establishes one of the connections between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract and sends information about the state of the inner organs to the brain via afferent fibers. In this review article, we discuss various functions of the vagus nerve which make it an attractive target in treating psychiatric and gastrointestinal disorders. There is preliminary evidence that vagus nerve stimulation is a promising add-on treatment for treatment-refractory depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and inflammatory bowel disease. Treatments that target the vagus nerve increase the vagal tone and inhibit cytokine production. Both are important mechanism of resiliency. The stimulation of vagal afferent fibers in the gut influences monoaminergic brain systems in the brain stem that play crucial roles in major psychiatric conditions, such as mood and anxiety disorders. In line, there is preliminary evidence for gut bacteria to have beneficial effect on mood and anxiety, partly by affecting the activity of the vagus nerve. Since, the vagal tone is correlated with capacity to regulate stress responses and can be influenced by breathing, its increase through meditation and yoga likely contribute to resilience and the mitigation of mood and anxiety symptoms.

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“…The vagus nerve runs from the brainstem through the neck to many peripheral organs, including the lungs, liver, stomach, intestines, and spleen [15,47]. The vagus nerve system suppresses the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 [48,49]. The spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ and hosts a wide range of immunologic functions alongside its roles in the removal of older erythrocytes from the circulation and clearance of blood-borne microorganisms and cellular debris [50].…”

Section: The Anatomic Foundation Of Tavnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural networks and the anti-inflammatory effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in depression

Liu

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2020

J Neuroinflammation

100

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Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a relatively non-invasive alternative treatment for patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD). It has been postulated that acupuncture may achieve its treatment effects on MDD through suppression of vagal nerve inflammatory responses. Our previous research established that taVNS significantly increases amygdala-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex connectivity, which is associated with a reduction in depression severity. However, the relationship between taVNS and the central/ peripheral functional state of the immune system, as well as changes in brain neural circuits, have not as yet been elucidated. In the present paper, we outline the anatomic foundation of taVNS and emphasize that it significantly modulates the activity and connectivity of a wide range of neural networks, including the default mode network, executive network, and networks involved in emotional and reward circuits. In addition, we present the inflammatory mechanism of MDD and describe how taVNS inhibits central and peripheral inflammation, which is possibly related to the effectiveness of taVNS in reducing depression severity. Our review suggests a link between the suppression of inflammation and changes in brain regions/circuits post taVNS.

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Bioelectrical Stimulation for the Reduction of Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Toward optical coherence tomography angiography-based biomarkers to assess the safety of peripheral nerve electrostimulation

Toward optical coherence tomography angiography-based biomarkers to assess the safety of peripheral nerve electrostimulation

Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders

Neural networks and the anti-inflammatory effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in depression

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