Bioelastomers: current state of development

Alonso, Raúl López; Enríquez-Medrano, Francisco Javier; Kumar, Sugam; Aguilar-Sánchez, Andrea; Handa, Rishab; León-Gómez, Ramón E. Díaz de; Valencia, Luis

doi:10.1039/d1ta09404a

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 210 publications

(240 reference statements)

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“…It is typically abundant in citrus peels and obtained via extraction as a major byproduct of citrus production; the annually recovered amount exceeds 70,000 tons. , Limonene contains two isomeric alkene groups from isoprene units with distinct reactivity, each of which experiences characteristic functionalization or polymerization reactions . Thus, owing to their availability and synthetic flexibility, researchers have devoted much effort to developing limonene-based polymers as a form of polycarbonates or polyesters. − Nonetheless, when processed into thermosets, limonene normally requires prior chemical modification such as epoxidation, and the resultant networks have been seldom endowed with a reversible nature so far; they are partially reusable or not. − Therefore, it is beneficial to develop an accessible design for reusable thermosets using natural limonene without the need for pretreatment, which is achievable by diversification of polymer structures and introduction of suitable reversible chemistry and further expands the adaptability of limonene for sustainable materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Renewable, Recyclable, Degradable Thermosets Endowed with Highly Branched Polymeric Structures and Reinforced with Carbon Fibers

Choi

Jeong

et al. 2023

Macromolecules

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This paper demonstrates the molecular design of renewable polymer thermosets that are chemically recyclable yet degradable on demand. In this design, the thermosets comprise a limonene-based highly branched polymer, which has been synthesized via the regioselective thiol−ene reaction between natural limonene and multifunctional thiol, and a Meldrum's acid derivative for the click/declick reaction of thiol groups that are deliberately positioned on the outer surface of the branched polymer. Thus, the accessible thiols expedite the covalent bond exchange reaction and enable the formation of a network and bulk recycling of the entire network; the labile cross-linkers enable molecular degradation or repurposing of the materials under benign conditions. The thermosets can be also reinforced with the addition of carbon fibers. Thus, reversible deformation or self-lamination of the resultant carbon composites, which are degradable and recyclable, was achieved owing to the thermosets, which act as a matrix or binder. We envision that the renewable materials presented here would be advanced by introducing diverse biomolecules or reversible chemistry to develop disposable bio-based platforms that can be further upcycled at the end of their lifecycles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Renewable, Recyclable, Degradable Thermosets Endowed with Highly Branched Polymeric Structures and Reinforced with Carbon Fibers

Choi

Jeong

et al. 2023

Macromolecules

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“…On the other hand, due to the negative environmental impact of using petroleum as raw material, upcoming regulations are promoting the use of natural raw materials to produce bio-based materials. An ideal rubber material would show a good sustainability/performance balance, allowing to tailor the molecular weight characteristics and the copolymerization with other monomers for specific applications [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Vulcanization of Polymyrcene and Polyfarnesene Bio-Based Rubbers: Influence of the Chemical Structure over the Vulcanization Process and Mechanical Properties

et al. 2022

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The overuse of fossil-based resources to produce thermoplastic materials and rubbers is dramatically affecting the environment, reflected in its clearest way as global warming. As a way of reducing this, multiple efforts are being undertaken including the use of more sustainable alternatives, for instance, those of natural origin as the main feedstock alternative, therefore having a lower carbon footprint. Contributing to this goal, the synthesis of bio-based rubbers based on β-myrcene and trans-β-farnesene was addressed in this work. Polymyrcene (PM) and polyfarnesene (PF) were synthesized via coordination polymerization using a neodymium-based catalytic system, and their properties were compared to the conventional polybutadiene (PB) and polyisoprene (PI) also obtained via coordination polymerization. Moreover, different average molecular weights were also tested to elucidate the influence over the materials’ properties. The crosslinking of the rubbers was carried out via conventional and efficient vulcanization routes, comparing the final properties of the crosslinking network of bio-based PM and PF with the conventional fossil-based PB and PI. Though the mechanical properties of the crosslinked rubbers improved as a function of molecular weight, the chemical structure of PM and PF (with 2 and 3 unsaturated double bonds, respectively) produced a crosslinking network with lower mechanical properties than those obtained by PB and PI (with 1 unsaturated double bond). The current work contributes to the understanding of improvements (in terms of crosslinking parameters) that are required to produce competitive rubber with good sustainability/performance balance.

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“…have become a hot and attractive topic. [2][3][4][5][6] In general, the re safety mechanism of bio-based FRs can be divided into the condensed-phase and the gas-phase.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…When PLA with a bio-based FR is burned, charred layer structures are formed to inhibit transformation of the combustible small molecules, heat and oxygen. 2,45,46 Unfortunately, the required high loading (more than 10%) based on the condensed phase FR may destroy the mechanical properties of polymeric materials.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…With the depletion of fossil resources and deterioration of the environment, petroleum-based plastic and pollution has become an urgent environmental issue all over the world. 1,2 Degradable polymers from nature, as one of the most promising sustainable plastics, should be developed. 3,4 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), as a promising bio-plastic can be biodegraded to generate water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and has become one of the most widely used biodegradable materials due to its excellent biodegradability, good appearance and high tensile property.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Super-efficient fire safety poly(lactide) enabled by unique radical trapping

Xiao

Chen

et al. 2023

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Bioelastomers: current state of development

Abstract: Considering the current trend of finding sustainable alternatives to the exisitng fossil-based plastics, in this review we describe what makes a bioelastomer to be considered “bio”, and what does this...

Cited by 18 publications

References 210 publications

Synthesis of Renewable, Recyclable, Degradable Thermosets Endowed with Highly Branched Polymeric Structures and Reinforced with Carbon Fibers

Synthesis of Renewable, Recyclable, Degradable Thermosets Endowed with Highly Branched Polymeric Structures and Reinforced with Carbon Fibers

Synthesis and Vulcanization of Polymyrcene and Polyfarnesene Bio-Based Rubbers: Influence of the Chemical Structure over the Vulcanization Process and Mechanical Properties

Super-efficient fire safety poly(lactide) enabled by unique radical trapping

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