Biodiversity of protists and nematodes in the wild nonhuman primate gut

Mann, Allison E.; Mazel, Florent; Lemay, Matthew A.; Morien, Evan; Billy, Vincent; Kowalewski, Martín M.; Fiore, Anthony Di; Link, Andrés; Goldberg, Tony L.; Tecot, Stacey R.; Baden, Andrea L.; Gómez, Andrés; Sauther, Michelle L.; Cuozzo, Frank P.; Rice, Gillian A.O.; Dominy, Nathaniel J.; Stumpf, Rebecca M.; Lewis, Rebecca J.; Swedell, Larissa; Amato, Katherine R.; Parfrey, Laura Wegener

doi:10.1038/s41396-019-0551-4

Cited by 40 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 96 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Such association between feed and fungal gut might also apply for the plant pathogens Ustilago hordei and Mycosphaerella tassiana, found in about 3% of the animals. Former results are in agreement with previous reports on humans and non-human primates [2,[30][31][32], and suggest that, differently to pig gut prokaryotes [33], the pig gut mycobiome may lack a stable core. Consequently, it is expected that a large proportion of the fungi detected in pig fecal samples may be transients from dietary or environmental origin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Gut eukaryotic communities in pigs: diversity, composition and host genetics contribution

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The pig gut microbiome harbors thousands of species of archaea, bacteria, viruses and eukaryotes such as protists and fungi. However, since the majority of published studies have been focused on prokaryotes, little is known about the diversity, host-genetic control, and contributions to host performance of the gut eukaryotic counterparts. Here we report the first study that aims at characterizing the diversity and composition of gut commensal eukaryotes in pigs, exploring their putative control by host genetics, and analyzing their association with piglets body weight. Results: Fungi and protists from the faeces of 514 healthy Duroc pigs of two sexes and two different ages were characterized by 18S and ITS ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The pig gut mycobiota was dominated by yeasts, with a high prevalence and abundance of Kazachstania spp. Regarding protists, representatives of four genera (Blastocystis, Neobalantidium, Tetratrichomonas and Trichomitus) were predominant in more than the 80% of the pigs. Heritabilities for the diversity and abundance of gut eukaryotic communities were estimated with the subset of 60d aged piglets (N = 390). The heritabilities of α-diversity and of the abundance of fungal and protists genera were low, ranging from 0.15 to 0.28. A genome wide association study reported genetic variants related to the fungal α-diversity and to the abundance of Blastocystis spp. Annotated candidate genes were mainly associated with immunity, gut homeostasis and metabolic processes. Additionally, we explored the association of gut commensal eukaryotes with piglet body weight. Our results pointed to a positive contribution of fungi from the Kazachstania genus, while protists displayed both positive (Blastocystis and Entamoeba) and negative (Trichomitus) associations with piglet body weight. Conclusions: Our results point towards a minor and taxa specific genetic control over the diversity and composition of the pig gut eukaryotic communities. Moreover, we provide evidences of the associations between piglets' body weight after weaning and members from the gut fungal and protist eukaryote community. Overall, this study highlights the relevance of considering, along with that of bacteria, the contribution of the gut eukaryote communities to better understand host-microbiome association and their role on pig performance, welfare and health.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Gut eukaryotic communities in pigs: diversity, composition and host genetics contribution

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such association between feed and fungal gut might also apply for the plant pathogens Ustilago hordei and Mycosphaerella tassiana, found in about 3% of the animals. Former results are in agreement with previous reports on humans and nonhuman primates (Hallen-Adams et al 2015;Mann et al 2019;Nash et al 2017;Raimondi et al 2019), and suggest that, differently to pig gut prokaryotes (Xiao et al 2016), the pig gut mycobiome may lack a stable core. Consequently, it is expected that a large proportion of the fungi detected in pig fecal samples may be transients from dietary or environmental origin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Gut eukaryotic communities in pigs: diversity, composition and host genetics contribution

Ramayo-Caldas

Prenafeta²,

Zingaretti

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AbstractThis study aims to characterize commensal fungi and protists inhabiting the gut of healthy pigs, and explore the putative host genetic control over diversity and composition of pig gut eukaryotes. Fecal fungi and protists communities from 514 Duroc pigs of two sexes and two different ages were characterized by 18S and ITS ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The gut mycobiota was dominated by yeasts, with a high prevalence of Kazachstania spp. Regarding protists, representatives of four genera (Blastocystis, Neobalantidium, Tetratrichomonas and Trichomitus) persisted through more than the 80% of the pigs. Heritabilities for the diversity and abundance of gut eukaryotic communities were estimated with the subset of 60 days aged piglets (N=405). Obtained heritabilities ranged from 0.15 to 0.28, indicating a rather limited host-genetic control. A genome wide association study reported genetic variants associated with the fungal α-diversity (SSC6) and with the abundance of Blastocystis spp. (SSC6, SSC17 and SSC18). Annotated candidate genes (IL23R, IL12RB2, PIK3C3, PIK3CD, HNF4A and TNFRSF9) were mainly related to immunity, gut homeostasis and metabolic processes. Our results point towards a minor and taxa specific genetic control over the diversity and composition of the pig gut eukaryotic communities.

show abstract

“…These mouse models suggest that upon gut damage, microbial translocation of fungal products occurs and participates in inflammation induction. As fungi are also present in the gut microbiota of non-human primates, studies could be performed to confirm the origin of translocated fungal products in different pathologies ( 31 , 38 ).…”

Section: Evidence Of Gut Leakage Of Fungal Products In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Leakage of Fungal‐Related Products: Turning Up the Heat for HIV Infection

Isnard

Lin

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The intestinal epithelial layer serves as a physical and functional barrier between the microbiota in the lumen and immunologically active submucosa. Th17 T-cell function protects the gut epithelium from aggression from microbes and their by-products. Loss of barrier function has been associated with enhanced translocation of microbial products which act as endotoxins, leading to local and systemic immune activation. Whereas the inflammatory role of LPS produced by Gram-negative bacteria has been extensively studied, the role of fungal products such as β-D-glucan remains only partially understood. As HIV infection is characterized by impaired gut Th17 function and increased gut permeability, we critically review mechanisms of immune activation related to fungal translocation in this viral infection. Additionally, we discuss markers of fungal translocation for diagnosis and monitoring of experimental treatment responses. Targeting gut barrier dysfunction and reducing fungal translocation are emerging strategies for the prevention and treatment of HIV-associated inflammation and may prove useful in other inflammatory chronic diseases.

show abstract

Biodiversity of protists and nematodes in the wild nonhuman primate gut

Cited by 40 publications

References 96 publications

Gut eukaryotic communities in pigs: diversity, composition and host genetics contribution

Gut eukaryotic communities in pigs: diversity, composition and host genetics contribution

Gut eukaryotic communities in pigs: diversity, composition and host genetics contribution

Gut Leakage of Fungal‐Related Products: Turning Up the Heat for HIV Infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About