Biodiversity of N-cycle bacteria in nitrogen removing moving bed biofilters for freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems

Kessel, Maartje A. H. J. van; Harhangi, Harry R.; Pas-Schoonen, Katinka van de; Vossenberg, Jack van de; Flik, G.; Jetten, Mike S. M.; Klaren, Peter H.M.; Camp, Huub J. M. Op den

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.05.019

Cited by 55 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…Nitrobacter was only occasionally detectable via PCR due to the higher sensitivity compared to TEM and FISH. The rare appearance of Nitrobacter inside RAS biofilters had already been observed in earlier studies and leads to the general assumption that this NOB seems to play a minor role in these systems (1,2,50,53). …”

Section: What Controls Nitrification In Ras?mentioning

confidence: 94%

Relative Abundance of Nitrotoga spp. in a Biofilter of a Cold-Freshwater Aquaculture Plant Appears To Be Stimulated by Slightly Acidic pH

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Wegen

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et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The functioning of recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) is essential to maintain water quality for fish health, and one crucial process here is nitrification. The investigated RAS was connected to a rainbow trout production system and operated at an average temperature of 13°C and pH 6.8. Community analyses of the nitrifying biofilm revealed a coexistence of Nitrospira and Nitrotoga, and it is hypothesized that a slightly acidic pH in combination with lower temperatures favors the growth of the latter. Modification of the standard cultivation approach toward lower pH values of 5.7 to 6.0 resulted in the successful enrichment (99% purity) of Nitrotoga sp. strain HW29, which had a 16S rRNA sequence similarity of 99.0% to Nitrotoga arctica. Reference cultures of Nitrospira defluvii and the novel Nitrotoga sp. HW29 were used to confirm differentiation of these nitrite oxidizers in distinct ecological niches. Nitrotoga sp. HW29 revealed pH and temperature optima of 6.8 and 22°C, respectively, whereas Nitrospira defluvii displayed the highest nitrite oxidation rate at pH 7.3 and 32°C. We report here the occurrence of Nitrotoga as one of the main nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in freshwater aquaculture systems and indicate that a slightly acidic pH, in addition to temperatures below 20°C, can be applied as a selective isolation criterion for this microorganism. Nitrogen is one of the most important elements of life and nitrification is a key process in the global N cycle, since the biological conversion of ammonia to nitrate is required wherever organic matter accumulates. This oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite is catalyzed by chemolithoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The biotechnological application of nitrification in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) has gained increasing attention for the production of aquatic organisms, since it allows an efficient and ecological way of fish breeding. To remove toxic ammonia released by fish gills or mineralization of feces and feed offcut, biological filtration is required. Nitrification is promoted on the surfaces of carrier elements in well-aerated moving-bed reactors. The carrier elements (plastic beads) are colonized by nitrifying bacteria, which form a dense biofilm together with heterotrophic bacteria.In biofilters of most aquaculture systems (marine and freshwater), Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were identified as the main ammonia and nitrite oxidizers, respectively (1-4), but members of the genera Nitrobacter and Nitrotoga are also potential candidates for nitrite removal (5, 6). Cold-adapted Nitrotoga spp. were initially found in permafrost-affected soils in Siberia (7), and the preference for low temperatures was confirmed by the detection of Nitrotoga-like 16S rRNA gene sequences in other cold soils such as recently deglaciated soils (8) or periglacial soils (9). Nitrotoga was also abundant in oligotrophic aquatic environments such as the Movile cave (10), a neutral groundwater seep (11) ...

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Section: What Controls Nitrification In Ras?mentioning

confidence: 94%

Relative Abundance of Nitrotoga spp. in a Biofilter of a Cold-Freshwater Aquaculture Plant Appears To Be Stimulated by Slightly Acidic pH

Hüpeden

Wegen

Off

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Se calcularon los coeficientes de uniformidad (CU=D 60 /D 10 ) y de curvatura (CC=D 30 2 /(D 60 *D 10 )) del material compuesto (20).…”

Section: Muestreo Y Alimentación De Los Animalesunclassified

“…Bajo condiciones anóxicas, la oxidación anaerobia del amonio -anammox -permite que el amonio sea oxidado a nitrito produciendo nitrógeno molecular, requiere del orden de 50% de oxígeno menos comparado con los procesos de nitrificación-desnitrificación (30).…”

Section: Periodic Weight Increaseunclassified

“…Under anoxic conditions, the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium -anammox -allows the ammonium to be oxidized to nitrite, which produces molecular nitrogen and requires about 50% less oxygen compared with nitrification-denitrification processes (30). Anammox bacteria in RAS are probably simultaneously activated by nitrifying bacteria, which have been found in natural and artificial environments.…”

Section: Periodic Weight Increasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of different biofilters in a recirculating system for rainbow trout farming

et al. 2016

Rev MVZ Córdoba

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Objective. To evaluate the performance of different biofilters in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for trout farming. Materials and methods. It was used a 1m3 plastic tank for fries farming; fabric bags to solids retention; a submersible pump; a constant water level and flow distribution box; six up flow biofilters in 3” PVC tube; sand of D10=0.45mm as carrier. The reactors were operated at local temperature and with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 11 min, the biofilters were inoculated in the next way: R1-Control: RAS water; R2-Fish culture farm sludges; R3- Water from aerated lagoon of Antanas landfill (AL); R4-Aquarium sediments; R5- Aerated lagoon of AL sludges; R6-Sludges from sulfidogenic reactor of AL. The weight gain (WG) and the food conversion (FC) were evaluated, some physic-chemical parameters were monitored and the nitrogen and suspended solids removal efficiency were evaluated. Results. The WG of the cultured animals was 1.58 g/d and the FC was 1.41. There were no differences for ammonium and nitrite removal between the reactors; the average removal efficiencies were: ammonium 4.78%, nitrite 27.2%, nitrate 32.3%, suspended solids 37.5%; R4 and R5 reactors presented the best performance on nitrate removal, with average efficiencies of 47.4% and 42.8%. R3 presented the best SS removal with an average of 58.2%. Conclusions. The RAS water treatment system guaranteed appropriated liquid quality conditions for trout farming; the most efficient reactor for removal of the different forms of nitrogen was the inoculated with the aerated lagoon of AL sludges.RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar el desempeño de diferentes biofiltros en un sistema de recirculación (SRA) para cultivo de trucha arcoiris. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó: un tanque de 1m3 para cultivo de alevines, bolsas de lienzo para retención de sólidos, bomba sumergible, caja de nivel constante y distribución de flujo, seis biofiltros en tubo de PVC de 3”, arena con D10=0.45mm como medio soporte. Los biofiltros se operaron a temperatura ambiente y con tiempo de retención hidráulica (TRH) de 11 min, se inocularon así: R1-Control: Aguas del SRA; R2-Lodos estación piscícola; R3-Agua Laguna aireada relleno sanitario Antanas (RSA); R4-Sedimentos acuarios; R5-Lodos laguna aireada RSA; R6-Lodos reactor sulfidogénico RSA. Se evaluó la ganancia de peso (GP) y la conversión alimenticia (CA), se monitorearon parámetros físico-químicos y se evaluó la eficiencia de remoción de nitrógeno y sólidos suspendidos. Resultados. La GP de los animales fue de 1.58 g/d y la CA de 1.41. No hubo diferencias para remoción de amonio ni nitritos entre reactores; las eficiencias medias de remoción fueron: amonio 4.78%, nitrito 27.2%, nitrato 32.3%, sólidos suspendidos 37.5%. Los reactores R4 y R5 presentaron mejor remoción de nitratos, con eficiencias medias de 47.4% y 42.8%. El R3 reportó la mejor remoción de SS con promedio del 58.2%. Conclusiones. El sistema de tratamiento del agua en el SRA garantizó condiciones de calidad del líquido, apropiadas para el cultivo de la trucha; el reactor más eficiente para la remoción de las formas de nitrógeno evaluadas fue el inoculado con lodos de la laguna aireada del RSA.

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“…The presence of K-specialist bacterial groups with high substrate affinity, Nitrosospira and Nitrospira in both the consortia, can have an advantage in nitrification at low ammonium and nitrite concentrations (van Kessel et al, 2010). Kindaichi et al (2004) analyzed ecophysiological interaction between nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria in an autotrophic nitrifying biofilm by microautoradiographyfluorescence in situ hybridization and found that the biofilm was composed of 50% nitrifiers and 50% heterotrophs.…”

Section: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (Fish) Of the Consortiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of the nitrifying bacterial consortia employed for the activation of bioreactors used in brackish and marine aquaculture systems

Kumar

Sukumaran

Achuthan

et al. 2013

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

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a b s t r a c tThe addition of commercial nitrifying bacterial products has resulted in significant improvement of nitrification efficiency in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). We developed two nitrifying bacterial consortia (NBC) from marine and brackish water as start up cultures for immobilizing commercialized nitrifying bioreactors for RAS. In the present study, the community compositions of the NBC were analyzed by universal 16S rRNA gene and bacterial amoA gene sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This study demonstrated that both the consortia involved autotrophic nitrifiers, denitrifiers as well as heterotrophs. Abundant taxa of the brackish water heterotrophic bacterial isolates were Paenibacillus and Beijerinckia spp. whereas in the marine consortia they were Flavobacterium, Cytophaga and Gramella species. The bacterial amoA clones were clustered together with high similarity to Nitrosomonas sp. and uncultured beta Proteobacteria. FISH analysis detected ammonia oxidizers belonging to b subclass of proteobacteria and Nitrosospira sp. in both the consortia, and Nitrosococcus mobilis lineage only in the brackish water consortium and the halophilic Nitrosomonas sp. only in the marine consortium. However, nitrite oxidizers, Nitrobacter sp. and phylum Nitrospira were detected in both the consortia. The metabolites from nitrifiers might have been used by heterotrophs as carbon and energy sources making the consortia a stable biofilm.

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Biodiversity of N-cycle bacteria in nitrogen removing moving bed biofilters for freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems

Cited by 55 publications

References 52 publications

Relative Abundance of Nitrotoga spp. in a Biofilter of a Cold-Freshwater Aquaculture Plant Appears To Be Stimulated by Slightly Acidic pH

Relative Abundance of Nitrotoga spp. in a Biofilter of a Cold-Freshwater Aquaculture Plant Appears To Be Stimulated by Slightly Acidic pH

Performance of different biofilters in a recirculating system for rainbow trout farming

Molecular characterization of the nitrifying bacterial consortia employed for the activation of bioreactors used in brackish and marine aquaculture systems

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