Biodiversity of Diptera

Courtney, Gregory W.; Pape, Thomas; Skevington, Jeffrey H.; Sinclair, Bradley J.

doi:10.1002/9781118945568.ch9

Cited by 68 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…In the only studied species, Panorpa communis Linnaeus, 1758, both FISH and SBH did not detect the TTAGG telomeric repeat (Frydrychová et al, ). This moderate‐sized order of insects, exclusively parasitizing warm blooded vertebrates, harbors about 2,200 described species (Adler & Foottit, ). As in the previous order, SBH did not reveal the TTAGG telomeric repeat on chromosomes of the only studied species, Ctenocephalides canis (Curtis, 1826) (Frydrychová et al, ). This is one of the most diverse and largest insect orders with about 160,000 described species (Courtney et al, ). According to the recent estimates, this order originated in the Permian, ca.…”

Section: Telomere Structure In the Class Insectamentioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere structure in insects: A review

Kuznetsova

Grozeva

Gokhman

2019

J Zool Syst Evol Res

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Telomeres are terminal regions of chromosomes, which protect them from fusion with other chromosomes and stabilize their structure. Telomeres usually contain specific DNA repeats (motifs), which are maintained by telomerase, a kind of reverse transcriptase. In this review, we survey the current state of knowledge of telomere motifs in insects. Among Hexapoda, data on telomere composition are available for more than 350 species from 108 families and 25 orders. The telomere motif (TTAGG) n is considered ancestral for the class Insecta. However, certain insects have different and often unknown telomeric sequences. This apparently happens because telomerase-dependent mechanisms usually coexist with various means of alternative lengthening of telomeres as backup mechanisms of telomere maintenance. This coexistence can explain losses and reappearances of the TTAGG repeat and telomerase-dependent telomere replication in insect evolution. For example, a few higher taxa, such as Heteroptera (Hemiptera) and Hymenoptera, show presence of the (TTAGG) n motif in their basal clades as well as a subsequent loss and, at least in the Hymenoptera, independent reappearance of this repeat in some advanced groups. Analogously, most members of Coleoptera also retain the TTAGG repeat, although it is changed to TCAGG in certain families. Furthermore, the (TTAGG) n motif seems to have been irreversibly lost in the order Diptera. In this group, telomeric sequences are represented either by long terminal repeats or by retrotransposons. Retrotransposons are also interspersed with other telomeric sequences in many groups of insects. The accumulating data demonstrate that the class Insecta is substantially diverse in terms of its telomere structure. K E Y W O R D Schromosomes, FISH, insects, TTAGG, retrotransposons 128 |

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Section: Telomere Structure In the Class Insectamentioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere structure in insects: A review

Kuznetsova

Grozeva

Gokhman

2019

J Zool Syst Evol Res

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“…As discussed in Courtney et al (2000), most predatory cyclorrhaphan larvae have strongly reduced facial masks that often lack the cirri and oral ridges that are present in saprophagous Cyclorrhapha larvae for rasping and directing bacteria into the mouth opening (Dowding 1967, Roberts 1971). This is also the case for saprophagous ephydroid larvae (Ferrar 1987, Kirk-Spriggs et al 2002, Wipfler et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whitefly predation and extensive mesonotum color polymorphism in an Acletoxenus population from Singapore (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Wong

Foo

Tan

et al. 2017

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Acletoxenus is a small genus of Drosophilidae with only four described species that are closely associated with whiteflies (adults and larvae). Here, the first video recordings of larvae feeding on whiteflies (Aleurotrachelus trachoides) are presented. Typical morphological adaptations for predation by schizophoran larvae are also described: the larval pseudocephalon lacks a facial mask and the cephaloskeleton is devoid of cibarial ridges that could be used for saprophagy via filtration. Despite being a predator, Acletoxenus is unlikely to be a good candidate for biological control of whiteflies because the life cycle is fairly long (24 days), lab cultures could not be established, and the puparia have high parasitization rates by a pteromalid wasp (Pachyneuron leucopiscida). Unfortunately, a confident identification of the Singapore Acletoxenus population to species was not possible because species identification and description in the genus overemphasize coloration characters of the mesonotum which are shown to be unsuitable because the Singapore population has flies with coloration patterns matching three of the four described species. Based on morphology and DNA sequences, the population from Singapore is tentatively assigned to Acletoxenus indicus or a closely related species.

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“…Diptera is not only rich in number of species, but also in morphology and structure, habitats use and human interactions (Courtney et al 2009). Most recent studies in this country have focused mostly on Lepidoptera (Piñas and Manzano 1997, Bollino and Onore 2001, Piñas and Manzano 2003a, 2003b, Hilt and Fiedler 2005, Brehm 2005, Fiedler et al 2007, Bodner et al 2010), and Coleoptera (Celi et al 2004, Moret 2005, Carpio et al 2009, Carvajal et al 2011, Domínguez et al 2015, Thormann et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Checklist of the flower flies of Ecuador (Diptera, Syrphidae)

Marín-Armijos¹,

Quezada-Ríos²,

Soto-Armijos³

et al. 2017

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Syrphidae is one of the most speciose families of true flies, with more than 6,100 described species and worldwide distribution. They are important for humans acting as crucial pollinators, biological control agents, decomposers, and bioindicators. One third of its diversity is found in the Neotropical Region, but the taxonomic knowledge for this region is incomplete. Thus, taxonomic revisions and species checklists of Syrphidae in the Neotropics are the highest priority for biodiversity studies. Therefore, we present the first checklist of Syrphidae for Ecuador based on literature records, and provide as well the original reference for the first time species citations for the country. A total of 201 species were recorded for Ecuador, with more than 600 records from 24 provinces and 237 localities. Tungurahua, Pastaza, and Galápagos were the best sampled provinces. Although the reported Ecuadorian syrphid fauna only comprises 11.2 % of the described Neotropical species, Ecuador has the third highest flower fly diversity density after Costa Rica and Suriname. These data indicate the high species diversity for this country in such small geographic area.

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Biodiversity of Diptera

Cited by 68 publications

References 254 publications

Telomere structure in insects: A review

Telomere structure in insects: A review

Whitefly predation and extensive mesonotum color polymorphism in an Acletoxenus population from Singapore (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

Checklist of the flower flies of Ecuador (Diptera, Syrphidae)

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