Biodiversity of Butterflies in Tangi Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Haroon, ​; YuFeng, Meng; Khan, Zahid; Perveen, Farzana; Rafi, Muhammad Ather; Shah, S. W.; XiaoHong, Su; Xing, Lianxi

doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/20190326090338

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Nebo, Bukidnon (n = 31). As compared to the global findings, the study surpasses the records of Arya and Dayakrishna (2014) in Naital, Uttarakhand, India (n = 27); Haroon et al (2020) in Tanga, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhunkhwa, Pakistan (n = 22); Castro and Espinosa (2015) in Arenillas Ecological Reserve, Ecuador (n = 22); and Koneri et al (2016) at Manembo-nembo Wildlife Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (n = 44). Findings of our study suggested that the study area is an ideal abode for butterflies due to its capability for supporting larger communities.…”

Section: Taxonomic Composition and Overall Richnessmentioning

confidence: 48%

Diversity and Status of Butterflies in Awasian Water Forest Reserve, Mt. Hilong-hilong, Philippines

GRASIA,

ABAO,

QUIŇONEZ

et al. 2022

BIOTROPIA

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Butterflies are deemed as an essential faunal group in the ecosystem due to their ecological services. However, continuous habitat loss leads to the decline of its population. Thus, this study was conducted to assess its diversity and status in one of the Watersheds of Mt. Hilong-hilong. Sweep netting (336 man-hours) and butterfly trapping (200 trap days) were carried out to document the species. Fifty-seven species of butterflies were recorded with the family Nymphalidae as the most represented group (n = 30). Species diversity (H') was relatively higher in Dipterocarp (H' = 1.49) forest than Agroecosystem (H' = 1.39), a result primarily influenced by favorable ecological support like food availability. Endemicity was 31%, which comprised mostly of rare species. Noteworthy findings are the listing of globally and nationally rare species but locally assessed as common. Based on the results, the area harbors an array of butterfly species and various rare species that requires an effective management plan to conserve the organisms.

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Section: Taxonomic Composition and Overall Richnessmentioning

confidence: 48%

Diversity and Status of Butterflies in Awasian Water Forest Reserve, Mt. Hilong-hilong, Philippines

GRASIA,

ABAO,

QUIŇONEZ

et al. 2022

BIOTROPIA

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“…The distribution coincides with Laurasia, on and north of the former Tethys Sea. While the genus is present in northern Pakistan (near Khyber Pass; Haroon et al, 2021), Tibet (Lang, 2022) and Nepal (northern Gandaki; Khanal, 2013), it is absent from India (Varshney and Smetacek, 2015) and most of the Hengduan Mountains of SW China (Lang, 2022).…”

Section: Node 13 Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographic–tectonic calibration of 14 nodes in a butterfly timetree

Heads

Grehan

Nielsen³

et al. 2023

Cladistics

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The butterfly subtribe Coenonymphina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) comprises four main clades found, respectively, in (1) the Solomon Islands, (2) Australasia, (3) NW South America and (4) Laurasia, with a phylogeny: 1 (2 (3 + 4)). In assessing biogeographic evolution in the group we rejected the conversion of fossil-calibrated clade ages to likely maximum clade ages by the imposition of arbitrary priors. Instead, we used biogeographic-tectonic calibration, with fossil-calibrated ages accepted as minima. Previous studies have used this approach to date single nodes (phylogenetic-biogeographic breaks) in a group, but we extended the methodology to date multiple nodes. Within the Coenonymphina as a whole, 14 nodes coincide spatially with ten major tectonic events. In addition, the phylogenetic sequence of these nodes conforms to the chronological sequence of the tectonic events, consistent with a vicariance origin of the clades. Dating of the spatially coincident tectonic features provides a timescale for the vicariance events. The tectonic events are: pre-drift intracontinental rifting between India and Australia (150 Ma); seafloor spreading at the margins of the growing Pacific plate, and between North and South America (140 Ma); magmatism flare-up along the SW Pacific Whitsunday Volcanic Province-Median Batholith (130 Ma); a change from extension in the Clarence basin, eastern Australia, to uplift of the Great Dividing Range (114 Ma); Pamir Mountains uplift, foreland basin dynamics and high eustatic sea-levels leading to marine transgression of the proto-Paratethys Ocean eastward to Central Asia and Xinjiang (100 Ma); predrift rifting and seafloor spreading west of New Caledonia (100-50 Ma); sinistral strike-slip displacement along the proto-Alpine fault, New Zealand (100-80 Ma); thrust faulting in the Longmen Shan and foreland basin dynamics around the Sichuan Basin (85 Ma); pre-drift rifting in the Coral Sea basin (85 Ma); and dextral displacement on the Alpine fault (20 Ma).

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Prevalence of insect pests on maize crop in District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

et al. 2024

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The maize crop is used as food for humans, livestock and poultries forms, it is also used in bread making, corn flakes, corn syrup, corn starch and corn oils. The field study consisted of one experimental trial, about the incidence of that insect pest complex on maize cultivar Azam during the Kharif season 2020 at the Agricultural, Research Station, Baffa, Mansehra. The trial was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), and then it was divided into three replications. The result obtained from the trial showed that a number of the pest species were recorded during the experimental period; however, the population was noticed at a low level. The obtained insect species were corn leaf aphid (6.90 ± 5.5) per square inch, corn leafhopper (1.32 ± 0.63), maize stem borer (0.63 ± 0.29), corn flea beetle (0.43 ± 0.28), Thrips (0.38 ± 0.22), Hairy caterpillar (0.21 ± 0.22), Grasshopper (0.17 ± 0.11) and shoot fly (0.11 ± 0.08) throughout the season

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Biodiversity of Butterflies in Tangi Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Cited by 5 publications

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Diversity and Status of Butterflies in Awasian Water Forest Reserve, Mt. Hilong-hilong, Philippines

Diversity and Status of Butterflies in Awasian Water Forest Reserve, Mt. Hilong-hilong, Philippines

Biogeographic–tectonic calibration of 14 nodes in a butterfly timetree

Prevalence of insect pests on maize crop in District Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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