Biodiversity Hotspots

Mittermeier, R. A.; Rylands, Anthony B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809665-9.09962-6

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Tropical montane forests (TMFs) are particularly threatened by predicted changes in climate (Bruijnzeel et al, 2011). These forests harbour high levels of biodiversity and endemism, and among other ecosystem services such as regulating climate and provisioning of goods, they provide water to tens of millions of people (Bruijnzeel et al, 2011;Mittermeier et al, 2004). As the rate of warming is amplified with elevation, such mountain environments will experience more rapid changes in temperature than environments at lower elevations (MRI, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and pastoralists: perceptions and adaptation in montane Kenya

Cuní-Sanchez

Omeny²,

Pfeifer

et al. 2018

Climate and Development

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Tropical montane forests are amongst the most threatened ecosystems by climate change. However, little is known about climatic changes already observed in these montane areas in Africa, or the adaptation strategies used by pastoralist communities. This article, focused on three mountains in northern Kenya, aims to fill these knowledge gaps. Focus-group discussions with village elders were organised in ten villages on each mountain (n=30). Villages covered different pastoralist ethnic groups. Historical data on rainfall, temperature and fog was gathered from Marsabit Meteorological station.All participants reported changes in the amount and distribution of rainfall, fog, temperature and wind for the past 20-30 years; regardless of the mountain or ethnicity. They particularly highlighted the reduction in fog. Meteorological evidence on rainfall, temperature and fog agreed with local perceptions; particularly important was a 60% reduction in hours of fog per year since 1981. Starting farming and shifting to camel herding were the adaptive strategies most commonly mentioned. Some adaptive strategies were only mentioned in one mountain or by one ethnic group (e.g. starting the cultivation of khat). We highlight the potential use of local communities' perceptions to complement climatic records in data-deficient areas, such as many tropical mountains, and emphasise the need for more research focused on the adaptation strategies used by pastoralists. Research highlights Reduced rainfall and fog, and increased temperatures were reported  An agreement between perceptions and meteorological evidence was observed  An innovative way to quantify fog changes is presented  Different ethnic groups used different adaptive strategies  Start farming and camel herding were commonly used adaptation strategies

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and pastoralists: perceptions and adaptation in montane Kenya

Cuní-Sanchez

Omeny²,

Pfeifer

et al. 2018

Climate and Development

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“…Actualmente el número de Hotspot ha aumentado a 36, varios de ellos situándose en Latinoamérica (Pauchard Barbosa, 2014), y el Caribe, siendo aproximadamente el 19%: 1) Andes Tropicales (Tierras Altas de la Amazonía Occidental y Occidental de Ecuador); 2) Tumbes-Choco (Choco Colombiano, Ecuador occidental); 3) Bosque Atlántico (Costa atlántica de Brasil); 4) Cerrado (Cerrado brasileño); 5) Bosques lluviosos tipos Norpatagónico y Valdiviano (Chile central); 6) Mesoamérica (Mesoamérica); y 7) Islas del Caribe (Caribe) (Mittermeier & Rylands, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aportes y desafíos del Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (SEIA) a la conservación de la biodiversidad en Chile

Gamberini

Ruiz

Morales³

2019

Ingeo

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ResumenLos Sistemas de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental son instrumentos de gestión ambiental de carácter preventivo, cuyo principal objetivo es incorporar consideraciones ambientales en los procesos y actividades que acompañan el crecimiento económico de un país. Su influencia en la conservación de la biodiversidad es fundamental, ya que, dentro del proceso de evaluación, permiten identificar y evaluar impactos ambientales potenciales asociados a estas actividades, y definir reparaciones, compensaciones, o mitigaciones. Detener la pérdida de biodiversidad, provocada por actividades humanas y el cambio climático, es un objetivo de carácter mundial. Chile no está ajeno a este desafío, considerando su condición de Hotspot de biodiversidad, las proyecciones asociadas al cambio climático que afectarán el territorio, y los pendientes que el Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (SEIA) presenta respecto de conservación de la biodiversidad desde una mirada más estratégica al considerar cuestiones como el alcance territorial de los impactos ambientales generados por los proyectos, bajo una mirada sistémica y transversal con otras materias. Al respecto, la investigación presenta un análisis de las principales modificaciones experimentadas desde de su creación, comparándolo con otros sistemas de evaluación en Latinoamérica; junto a estadísticas nacionales del comportamiento de los proyectos de inversión que afectan potencialmente la conservación de la biodiversidad. Se abordan dos cuestionamientos que guían la discusión de funcionamiento y cambios que debiese impulsar el Estado chileno: 1) influencia sobre titulares de proyectos para que internalicen la importancia de proteger la biodiversidad más allá de lo normativo, y; 2) introducción de otras mejoras en la ley ambiental que podrían propiciar de manera indirecta mejoras en el SEIA. Finalmente, se concluye sobre la importancia de potenciar la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica (EAE) y su integración con el SEIA, impulsando una mejora en los diseños de proyectos mediante la incorporación de la sustentabilidad desde su formulación.Palabras clave: Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental; Chile; conservación de la biodiversidad; hotspot de biodiversidad; ley ambiental; evaluación ambiental estratégica. AbstractEnvironmental impact assessment systems are preventive management instruments whose main objective is to include environmental considerations in the processes and activities accompanying economic

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“…This study was conducted in the state of São Paulo in Brazil, which is originally composed of two major biomes of South America – the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado – both considered top biodiversity hotspots (Mittermeier and Rylands 2018). The Atlantic Forest biome is composed of different classes of vegetation, varying from evergreen to semideciduous forests; while evergreen forests cover the coastal fringe of the state, the Atlantic seasonal semideciduous forest predominates in the interior.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic niches of tropical birds reduced by anthropogenic impacts: a 100‐year perspective

Navarro¹,

Magioli²,

Bogoni³

et al. 2021

Oikos

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The intensification of land-use changes in tropical forests during the 20th century, mainly caused by deforestation for agricultural uses, had an overwhelming influence on bird assemblages. However, how these historical anthropogenic changes have impacted the habitat use and diet of tropical birds is poorly known. Stable isotope analysis (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) can be useful in this regard since it provides information not only on the habitat and food resource use but also insights on the dietary niche of species. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether centenary anthropogenic impacts, mainly caused by changes in landscape composition, have affected the resource and habitat use and isotopic niche width of Neotropical birds in a region that comprises two biodiversity hotspots -the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado in southeastern Brazil. We found that the niche width of all bird guilds (frugivore, granivore, insectivore, nectarivore and omnivore) was largely reduced (28-70%) from the 20th century until recently. This niche width reduction was likely associated with historical anthropogenic impacts (e.g. fragmentation, forest loss and change in agricultural practices), which are responsible for the decrease in the availability of habitat and food resources. Moreover, the mean values of δ 15 N decreased over the years in all bird guilds, which might be attributed to the expansion of agricultural areas and the increase in the use of synthetic nitrogen-based fertilizers. All the analyzed species, even though some of them are diet and habitat generalists, were strongly influenced by centenary anthropogenic actions. Our results show the consequences of human-induced changes in land use on the diet and habitat use of tropical birds that persist in fragmented landscapes, which might compromise their long-term survival and provide useful information to the conservation strategies of bird assemblages in modern landscapes.

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Biodiversity Hotspots

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Climate change and pastoralists: perceptions and adaptation in montane Kenya

Climate change and pastoralists: perceptions and adaptation in montane Kenya

Aportes y desafíos del Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (SEIA) a la conservación de la biodiversidad en Chile

Isotopic niches of tropical birds reduced by anthropogenic impacts: a 100‐year perspective

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