Biodiversity effects increase linearly with biotope space

Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G.; Schmid, Bernhard

doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00607.x

Cited by 231 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This is in accordance with the general finding that biodiversity effects increase with biotope space [48]. Indeed, our results indicate that even within a simple environment with a single flowering plant as a resource, such spatio-temporal niche partitioning was effective, with the temporal component of complementarity in diurnal visitation times being clearly more important than the spatial component of complementarity in flower visitation heights.…”

Section: Discussion (A)supporting

confidence: 92%

Diverse pollinator communities enhance plant reproductive success

et al. 2012

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Understanding the functional consequences of biodiversity loss is a major goal of ecology. Animal-mediated pollination is an essential ecosystem function and service provided to mankind. However, little is known how pollinator diversity could affect pollination services. Using a substitutive design, we experimentally manipulated functional group (FG) and species richness of pollinator communities to investigate their consequences on the reproductive success of an obligate out-crossing model plant species, Raphanus sativus. Both fruit and seed set increased with pollinator FG richness. Furthermore, seed set increased with species richness in pollinator communities composed of a single FG. However, in multiple-FG communities, highest species richness resulted in slightly reduced pollination services compared with intermediate species richness. Our analysis indicates that the presence of social bees, which showed roughly four times higher visitation rates than solitary bees or hoverflies, was an important factor contributing to the positive pollinator diversity-pollination service relationship, in particular, for fruit set. Visitation rate at different daytimes, and less so among flower heights, varied among social bees, solitary bees and hoverflies, indicating a niche complementarity among these pollinator groups. Our study demonstrates enhanced pollination services of diverse pollinator communities at the plant population level and suggests that both the niche complementarity and the presence of specific taxa in a pollinator community drive this positive relationship.

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Section: Discussion (A)supporting

confidence: 92%

Diverse pollinator communities enhance plant reproductive success

et al. 2012

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“…We compiled data from 29 experiments with 1721 polycultures and 174 species from 11 publications (Naeem et al 1996, Tilman et al 1996, 1997, Dukes 2001, Reich et al 2001, Fridley 2002, 2003, Dimitrakopoulos and Schmid 2004, Spehn et al 2005, Lanta and Lepš 2006. For each polyculture, we calculated phylogenetic diversity (PD), functional diversity (FD), species richness (S ), and functional group richness (FGR).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and phylogenetic diversity as predictors of biodiversity–ecosystem-function relationships

Flynn¹,

Mirotchnick²,

Jain³

et al. 2011

Ecology

662

661

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Abstract. How closely does variability in ecologically important traits reflect evolutionary divergence? The use of phylogenetic diversity (PD) to predict biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning, and more generally the use of phylogenetic information in community ecology, depends in part on the answer to this question. However, comparisons of the predictive power of phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity (FD) have not been conducted across a range of experiments. To address how phylogenetic diversity and functional trait variation control biodiversity effects on biomass production, we summarized the results of 29 grassland plant experiments where both the phylogeny of plant species used in the experiments is well described and where extensive trait data are available. Functional trait variation was only partially related to phylogenetic distances between species, and the resulting FD values therefore correlate only partially with PD. Despite these differences, FD and PD predicted biodiversity effects across all experiments with similar strength, including in subsets that excluded plots with legumes and that focused on fertilization experiments. Two-and threetrait combinations of the five traits used here (leaf nitrogen percentage, height, specific root length, leaf mass per unit area, and nitrogen fixation) resulted in the FD values with the greatest predictive power. Both PD and FD can be valuable predictors of the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning, which suggests that a focus on both community trait diversity and evolutionary history can improve understanding of the consequences of biodiversity loss.

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“…1, step 3). Examples of ecosystem effects attributed to differences in trait values among coexisting species include, for instance, enhanced biomass production and soil fertility by mixtures of species with and without nitrogenfixing symbionts (23), with different leafing phenology (21), or with different rooting depths (33). However, most of these examples have been assessed as the effect of functional group richness rather than by quantifying FDvg.…”

Section: Stage I: Identifying Abiotic and Biotic Drivers Of Ep And Esmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessments

Dı́az

Lavorel

Bello

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,304

1,191

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Global environmental change affects the sustained provision of a wide set of ecosystem services. Although the delivery of ecosystem services is strongly affected by abiotic drivers and direct land use effects, it is also modulated by the functional diversity of biological communities (the value, range, and relative abundance of functional traits in a given ecosystem). The focus of this article is on integrating the different possible mechanisms by which functional diversity affects ecosystem properties that are directly relevant to ecosystem services. We propose a systematic way for progressing in understanding how land cover change affects these ecosystem properties through functional diversity modifications. Models on links between ecosystem properties and the local mean, range, and distribution of plant trait values are numerous, but they have been scattered in the literature, with varying degrees of empirical support and varying functional diversity components analyzed. Here we articulate these different components in a single conceptual and methodological framework that allows testing them in combination. We illustrate our approach with examples from the literature and apply the proposed framework to a grassland system in the central French Alps in which functional diversity, by responding to land use change, alters the provision of ecosystem services important to local stakeholders. We claim that our framework contributes to opening a new area of research at the interface of land change science and fundamental ecology.biodiversity ͉ land change ͉ mass ratio hypothesis ͉ plant functional traits G lobal environmental changes, including land use and land cover changes, have considerable impacts on the ecological properties of ecosystems and therefore on the ecosystem services (ES) that societies derive from them (1). Although links between ecosystem properties (EP) and ES are not always trivial, many ES and their changes can be reasonably quantified by EP that are routinely measured in ecological studies (2). Global change effects on EP can be direct, through their effects on physical and chemical processes and on the metabolism and behavior of organisms. Global change drivers can also influence EP indirectly through their impacts on biodiversity, either through their effects on local biota or by altering the ability of organisms to disperse through landscapes. Relevant changes in biodiversity are manifested through changes in plant functional diversity (FD), i.e., the value, range, and relative abundance of plant functional traits in a given ecosystem (2). Although often subtler than direct effects of global change drivers (3, 4), these indirect biotic effects remain a major source of uncertainty in predicting the impacts of global change on ES provision.Conceptual models accounting for links between the functional trait values of local plant communities and EP are scattered in the literature, and the conceptual connections between them are not always clear. We articulate the most important of those models i...

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Biodiversity effects increase linearly with biotope space

Cited by 231 publications

References 39 publications

Diverse pollinator communities enhance plant reproductive success

Diverse pollinator communities enhance plant reproductive success

Functional and phylogenetic diversity as predictors of biodiversity–ecosystem-function relationships

Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessments

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