Biodiversity, ecosystem function, and resilience: ten guiding principles for commodity production landscapes

Fischer, Joern; Lindenmayer, David B.; Manning, Adrian D.

doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0080:befart]2.0.co;2

Cited by 487 publications

(368 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This cross-scale resilience provides insurance against the inevitable 'surprises' (e.g., drought, floods, disease, etc.) that affect ecosystems at multiple scales (Fischer et al, 2006). Cross-scale interactions can be critically influenced by invasive species, and the cross-scale resilience model (Gunderson and Holling, 2002;Allen et al, 2014) provides a framework for further understanding the relationship between invasions and resilience, which in turn can lend insights to interactions between ecological scales and scales of governance (Green et al, 2014).…”

Section: Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological invasions, ecological resilience and adaptive governance

Chaffin

Garmestani

Angeler

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Management

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a b s t r a c tIn a world of increasing interconnections in global trade as well as rapid change in climate and land cover, the accelerating introduction and spread of invasive species is a critical concern due to associated negative social and ecological impacts, both real and perceived. Much of the societal response to invasive species to date has been associated with negative economic consequences of invasions. This response has shaped a war-like approach to addressing invasions, one with an agenda of eradications and intense ecological restoration efforts towards prior or more desirable ecological regimes. This trajectory often ignores the concept of ecological resilience and associated approaches of resilience-based governance. We argue that the relationship between ecological resilience and invasive species has been understudied to the detriment of attempts to govern invasions, and that most management actions fail, primarily because they do not incorporate adaptive, learning-based approaches. Invasive species can decrease resilience by reducing the biodiversity that underpins ecological functions and processes, making ecosystems more prone to regime shifts. However, invasions do not always result in a shift to an alternative regime; invasions can also increase resilience by introducing novelty, replacing lost ecological functions or adding redundancy that strengthens already existing structures and processes in an ecosystem. This paper examines the potential impacts of species invasions on the resilience of ecosystems and suggests that resilience-based approaches can inform policy by linking the governance of biological invasions to the negotiation of tradeoffs between ecosystem services.

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Section: Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological invasions, ecological resilience and adaptive governance

Chaffin

Garmestani

Angeler

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…Ecosystem management offers holistic perspectives on managing ecosystems and landscapes for sustaining their dynamic ecological functions, productivity, and biodiversity, all of which will ultimately contribute to the well-being of local human populations (e.g., Farber et al 2006;Fischer et al 2006). Successful ecosystem management requires detailed data on the species composition at each location as well as species relationships to overall ecosystem structure and services.…”

Section: Biodiversity Assessment and Ecosystem Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity loss and the taxonomic bottleneck: emerging biodiversity science

Kim¹,

Byrne²

2006

Ecological Research

177

140

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Human domination of the Earth has resulted in dramatic changes to global and local patterns of biodiversity. Biodiversity is critical to human sustainability because it drives the ecosystem services that provide the core of our life-support system. As we, the human species, are the primary factor leading to the decline in biodiversity, we need detailed information about the biodiversity and species composition of specific locations in order to understand how different species contribute to ecosystem services and how humans can sustainably conserve and manage biodiversity. Taxonomy and ecology, two fundamental sciences that generate the knowledge about biodiversity, are associated with a number of limitations that prevent them from providing the information needed to fully understand the relevance of biodiversity in its entirety for human sustainability: (1) biodiversity conservation strategies that tend to be overly focused on research and policy on a global scale with little impact on local biodiversity; (2) the small knowledge base of extant global biodiversity; (3) a lack of much-needed site-specific data on the species composition of communities in human-dominated landscapes, which hinders ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation; (4) biodiversity studies with a lack of taxonomic precision; (5) a lack of taxonomic expertise and trained taxonomists; (6) a taxonomic bottleneck in biodiversity inventory and assessment; and (7) neglect of taxonomic resources and a lack of taxonomic service infrastructure for biodiversity science. These limitations are directly related to contemporary trends in research, conservation strategies, environmental stewardship, environmental education, sustainable development, and local site-specific conservation. Today's biological knowledge is built on the known global biodiversity, which represents barely 20% of what is currently extant (commonly accepted estimate of 10 million species) on planet Earth. Much remains unexplored and unknown, particularly in hotspots regions of Africa, South Eastern Asia, and South and Central America, including many developing or underdeveloped countries, where localized biodiversity is scarcely studied or described. ''Backyard biodiversity'', defined as local biodiversity near human habitation, refers to the natural resources and capital for ecosystem services at the grassroots level, which urgently needs to be explored, documented, and conserved as it is the backbone of sustainable economic development in these countries. Beginning with early identification and documentation of local flora and fauna, taxonomy has documented global biodiversity and natural history based on the collection of ''backyard biodiversity'' specimens worldwide. However, this branch of science suffered a continuous decline in the latter half of the twentieth century, and has now reached a point of potential demise. At present there are very few professional taxonomists and trained local parataxonomists worldwide, while the need for, and demands on, taxonomi...

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“…Primary industries, such as agriculture, forestry and mining, disrupt ecosystems with the potential to clear habitat, alter hydrological processes, spread pathogens and degrade soils (Vitousek et al 1997;Fischer et al 2006;Gibbons and Lindenmayer 2007). However, production landscapes, where these primary industries occur, can play important roles in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem resilience, provided they are managed appropriately (Fischer et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, production landscapes, where these primary industries occur, can play important roles in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem resilience, provided they are managed appropriately (Fischer et al 2006). Revegetation of cleared and disturbed areas can promote the persistence of fauna in production landscapes, but recolonisation of revegetated sites depends on the restoration of key resources, which may take decades, or centuries, to develop as revegetation matures (Munro et al 2007;Nichols and Grant 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successional changes in feeding activity by threatened cockatoos in revegetated mine sites

et al. 2016

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Context: Provision of key habitat resources is essential for effectively managing species that have specific ecological requirements and occur in production landscapes. Threatened black cockatoos in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia have a wide range, so their conservation requires support from all land tenures, not just reserves. Mining in the jarrah forest temporarily removes cockatoo feeding habitat, so it is important to understand how cockatoos exploit revegetated areas for food resources. Aims:We aimed to determine whether there were successional patterns in cockatoo feeding activity in revegetation aged from 4 to 23 years at three mine sites in the jarrah forest in south-western Australia. Methods:We surveyed 232 plots in revegetation to document (1) structural and floristic variation in vegetation across mine sites and revegetation ages, (2) differences in cockatoo feeding activity across mine sites and revegetation ages on the basis of feeding residues and (3) any edge effect reflecting preferential use of vegetation at the interior or exterior of mine pits. We also documented the frequency of occurrence of cockatoo food plants and feeding residues in 480 plots in unmined forest to compare with revegetated areas.Key results: Marri (Corymbia calophylla) and jarrah were commonly consumed in unmined forest and Banksia and Hakea species were also fed on to a lesser extent. Revegetated mine pits provided food within 4 years and continued to do so up until the oldest plots studied (23 years). The relative importance of food plants shifted from proteaceous species in young revegetation to myrtaceous species in intermediate to older revegetation. However, extent of feeding on myrtaceous species in older revegetation did not equate to feeding rates in unmined forest, with lower frequencies recorded in revegetation.Conclusions: Black cockatoos fed in revegetation at all three mine sites, despite variations in vegetation age, structure and floristics. Feeding on proteaceous and myrtaceous food plants occurred within 4 and 7 years of revegetation being established, respectively, indicating that some food resources are restored quickly after mining disturbance of the jarrah forest. Implications:Our results emphasise the importance of monitoring fauna recolonisation over appropriate time scales, to understand how successional processes in revegetation influence fauna population persistence in production landscapes.

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Biodiversity, ecosystem function, and resilience: ten guiding principles for commodity production landscapes

Cited by 487 publications

References 39 publications

Biological invasions, ecological resilience and adaptive governance

Biological invasions, ecological resilience and adaptive governance

Biodiversity loss and the taxonomic bottleneck: emerging biodiversity science

Successional changes in feeding activity by threatened cockatoos in revegetated mine sites

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