Biodiversity Conservation and the Millennium Development Goals

Sachs, Jeffrey D.; Baillie, Jonathan; Sutherland, William J.; Armsworth, Paul R.; Ash, Neville; Beddington, J. R.; Blackburn, Tim M.; Collen, Ben; Gardiner, Barry; Gaston, Kevin J.; Godfray, H. Charles J.; Green, Rhys E.; Harvey, Paul H.; House, Brett; Knapp, Sandra; Kümpel, Noëlle F.; Macdonald, David W.; Mace, Georgina M.; Mallet, James; Matthews, Adam; May, Robert M.; Petchey, Owen L.; Purvis, Andy; Roe, Dilys; Safi, Kamran; Turner, Kerry; Walpole, Matt; Watson, Robert; Jones, Kate E.

doi:10.1126/science.1175035

Cited by 227 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The inescapable trade-offs that accompany any new project or policy may go against the environment as well, with the continued elimination of species predictable under a global political economy that encourages non-industrialised countries to follow the same trajectories as industrialised ones (see Sachs et al, 2009). As Palmer (2010: 534) puts it, "water security increases with affluence (higher gross domestic product) -but so do threats to biodiversity.…”

Section: Working With Diversity and Inustice In Society And The Envirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductionist and integrative research approaches to complex water security policy challenges

Zeitoun

Lankford

Krueger

et al. 2016

Global Environmental Change

142

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(2016) Reductionist and integrative research approaches to complex water security policy challenges. Global Environmental Change, 39 . pp. 143-154. ISSN 0959-3780 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016 Reuse of this item is permitted through licensing under the Creative Commons: AbstractThis article reviews and contrasts two approaches that water security researchers employ to advance understanding of the complexity of water-society policy challenges. A prevailing reductionist approach seeks to represent uncertainty through calculable risk, links national GDP tightly to hydro-climatological causes, and underplays diversity and politics in society. When adopted uncritically, this approach limits policy-makers to interventions that may reproduce inequalities, and that are too rigid to deal with future changes in society and climate. A second, more integrative, approach is found to address a range of uncertainties, explicitly recognise diversity in society and the environment, incorporate water resources that are less-easily controlled, and consider adaptive approaches to move beyond conventional supply-side prescriptions. The resultant policy recommendations are diverse, inclusive, and more likely to reach the marginalised in society, though they often encounter policy-uptake obstacles. The article concludes by defining a route towards more effective water security research and policy, which stresses analysis that matches the state of knowledge possessed, an expanded research agenda, and explicitly addresses inequities.Complex Water Security

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Section: Working With Diversity and Inustice In Society And The Envirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductionist and integrative research approaches to complex water security policy challenges

Zeitoun

Lankford

Krueger

et al. 2016

Global Environmental Change

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main reason for this lies in the fact that modern agriculture achieved significant advances in terms of agroecosystem productivity that come at the price of sustainability (Hazell & Wood 2008;Lichtfouse et al, 2009). This is because modern growing systems imply the simplification of the structure of the environment over large areas of land, replacing natural plant diversity with only a limited number of cultivated plants in monocultures (Vandermeer et al, 1998;Sachs, 2009). In addition to the loss of diversity of cultivated plants numerous benefits provided by biodiversity within agroecosystems related to biological control were brought in question (Hillel & Rosenzweig, 2005;Bianchi et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Diversification Affects Biological Pest Control

Marković

2013

AGR

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Crop monocultures encourage the multiplication and spread of pest insects on massive and uniform crop. Numerous studies have evaluated the impact of plant diversification on pests and beneficial arthropods population dynamics in agricultural ecosystems and provided some evidence that habitat manipulation techniques like intercropping can significantly influence pest control. This paper describes various potential options of habitat management and design that enhance ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. The focus of this review is the application and mechanisms of biodiversity in agricultural systems to enhance pest management.

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“…Extreme poverty and biodiversity loss are spatially linked (Sachs et al 2009) and are currently the two foremost issues at global level (UN 2012). Since extreme poverty and biodiversity hotspots are generally co-located, any intervention to alleviate poverty and address biodiversity loss requires understanding of the dynamics of ecosystem services on which livelihood of local communities depend (Adams et al 2004;DeClerck et al 2006;Barrett et al 2011).…”

Section: Failure To Simultaneously Address Poverty and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty, development, and Himalayan ecosystems

Sandhu

2014

AMBIO

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The Himalayas are rich in biodiversity but vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures. They are also host to growing number of rural poor who are dependent on forest and ecosystem services for their livelihood. Local and global efforts to integrate poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation in the Himalayas remain elusive so far. In this work, we highlight two key impediments in achieving sustainable development in the Himalayas. On the positive side, we also highlight the work of Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), a research organization based in India that seeks to integrate biodiversity concerns with livelihood security. For impediments, we draw on two examples from the Darjeeling district, India, in Eastern Himalayan region to illustrate how development organizations are failing to simultaneously address poverty and environmental issues. Based on the success of ATREE, we then propose a conceptual framework to integrate livelihood generating activities with sustainable and equitable development agenda. We recommend developing a Hindu-Kush Himalayan Ecosystem Services Network in the region to formulate a strategy for further action. We conclude by offering measures to address the challenge of integrating livelihood and environment issues through this network.

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Biodiversity Conservation and the Millennium Development Goals

Abstract: Any near-term gains in reducing extreme poverty will be maintained only if environmental sustainability is also achieved.

Cited by 227 publications

References 9 publications

Reductionist and integrative research approaches to complex water security policy challenges

Reductionist and integrative research approaches to complex water security policy challenges

Crop Diversification Affects Biological Pest Control

Poverty, development, and Himalayan ecosystems

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