Biodiversity and selection for scrapie resistance in goats: Genetic polymorphism in “Girgentana” breed in Sicily, Italy

Migliore, Sergio; Agnello, Stefano; Chiappini, Barbara; Vaccari, Gabriele; Mignacca, S.A.; Presti, Vincenzo Di Marco Lo; Domenico, Francesco Di; Vitale, María

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.01.029

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, a recent study showed its strong relation to scrapie resistance in Canadian dairy goats independently from K222 presence (Srithayakumar et al 2016). The South Italian breeds showed six polymorphisms and both confirmed a high-level of the allele resistant K222 as previously observed for the Sicilian goats (Migliore et al 2015;Vitale et al 2016) where a relation with high-scrapie incidence has been postulated (Migliore et al 2017). Scrapie incidence is higher in South and Central Italy compared to the northern regions and the highest incidence has been observed in some provinces of Sicily, Sardinia and Central Italy probably related to the usage of a contaminated vaccine as shown in Figure 3 (Bertolini et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Analysis of differences in prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphisms between Algerian and Southern Italy's goats

Fantazi

Migliore

Kdidi

et al. 2018

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Goats are adapted to live in harsh areas of the world ensuring minimum levels of milk and meat production without much economic input. Scrapie is a fatal prion disease of small ruminants detected in different countries worldwide. Polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP) modify the degree of susceptibility/resistance to scrapie. PRNP polymorphisms were analysed in the four main Algerian goat breeds (Naine de Kabylie, Arbia, Mozabite, Mekatia), and in two native breeds of South Italy (Aspromontana from Calabria and Cilentana from Campania). The results were compared also with two previously described Sicilian native breeds (Girgentana and Rossa Mediterranea). Seven amino acid substitutions were detected in Naine de Kabylie goat which represents the original native Berber breed. All other breeds presented no more than six variants and common polymorphisms were present at codons, 154 and 240. Isoleucine at 137 was present in Algerian breeds only. The Italian Cilentana shared more variants with Algerian breeds whereas the Aspromontana breed was the only one to show a Serine at 127. Exclusive new variants were not detected since all polymorphisms were already described in other goats worldwide. The scrapie protective allele encoding lysine (K) at codon 222 was detected in the Naine de Kabylie and M'zabite breeds at low-frequency whereas is present with frequencies higher than 10% in all the Italian breeds reared in regions with elevated scrapie incidence. The overall results showed a substantial number of polymorphisms in PRNP, particularly in Naine de Kabylie breed, which carried also unique genotypes. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the open reading frame of the caprine PRNP and direct PCR fragment sequencing was carried out as previously described (Migliore et al 2015). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was calculated with Genotype Transposer (Version 1.0) (Cox and Canzian 2001).…”

Section: Genetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of differences in prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphisms between Algerian and Southern Italy's goats

Fantazi

Migliore

Kdidi

et al. 2018

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…The frequency of p.Gln222Lys in this goat population was 15% and as in other countries, Lys222 was mostly found in haplotype linkage with p.Ser240Pro. These animals were reared in herds located in different Sicilian provinces and inbreeding problems might be less frequent than in Girgentana goat, another native Sicilian diary breed with a higher frequency of p.Gln222Lys (18.7%) (Migliore et al 2015). The protective polymorphisms, p.Asn146Ser and p.Asn146Asp, which are very common in the Cyprus goat was not found in Derivata di Siria despite the fact that both are derived from a common ancestor, the Syrian goat.…”

Section: Prnp Analysis In Derivata DI Siria Goatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study of PRNP gene in two native Sicilian goat populations in Italy: a relation between prion gene polymorphisms and scrapie incidence

Migliore

Agnello

D’Avola³

et al. 2017

J Genet

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Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animals, and scrapie in small ruminants is considered the archetype of TSEs. Derivata di Siria is a native dairy goat of Sicily (south Italy), which is related to Syrian goat breeds. Scrapie disease is considered endemic in Sicily since 1997, following the administration of an infected vaccine.Derivata di Siria goatswere involved in six of 66 scrapie-infected flocks in Sicily. Prion protein gene (PRNP) analysis revealed that none of the scrapie cases carried the p.Gln222Lys variant. Sequencing of PRNP in this goat population showed a high frequency (15%) of p.Gln222Lys variant confirming its association with scrapie resistance. PRNP polymorphisms were also analysed in the population of Pantelleria, a small Sicilian Island, where scrapie has never been reported. The native goat breed 'Pantesca' was maintained up to almost 80 years and the size of the sheep population on this island has historically been very low. Currently, a crossbreed goat population of 253 heads is present on the island. PRNP genotyping of Pantelleria goats showed genetic variation, with low presence of wild-type goats and the lack of protective alleles. These data reinforce the association between PRNP polymorphisms in small ruminants and scrapie incidence.

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“…Alternatively, artificial insemination could be considered using imported semen of resistant KK sires from targeted breeds to implement models of gene introgression. In this respect, some breeds belonging to the Central-Mediterranean group may serve as a useful resource for selection purposes [8, 20, 21]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the impact of selection for scrapie resistance on PRNP genotype frequencies in goats

Sacchi

Rasero

et al. 2018

Vet Res

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The European Union has implemented breeding programmes to increase scrapie resistance in sheep. A similar approach can be applied also in goats since the K222 allele provides a level of resistance equivalent to that of ARR in sheep. The European Food Safety Authority stated that breeding for resistance could be offered as an option for Member States to control classical scrapie in goats. We assessed the impact of different breeding strategies on PRNP genotype frequencies using a mathematical model that describes in detail the evolution of K222 in two goat breeds, Chamois Coloured and Saanen. Different patterns of age structure and replacement rate were modelled as factors affecting response to selection. Breeding for scrapie resistance can be implemented in goats, even though the initial K222 frequencies in these breeds are not particularly favourable and the rate at which the resistant animals increase, both breeding and slaughtered for meat production, is slow. If the goal is not to achieve the fixation of resistance allele, it is advisable to carry out selection only until a desired frequency of K222-carriers has been attained. Nucleus selection vs. selection on the overall populations is less expensive but takes longer to reach the desired output. The programme performed on the two goat breeds serves as a model of the response the selection could have in other breeds that show different initial frequencies and population structure. In this respect, the model has a general applicability.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-018-0518-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Biodiversity and selection for scrapie resistance in goats: Genetic polymorphism in “Girgentana” breed in Sicily, Italy

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Analysis of differences in prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphisms between Algerian and Southern Italy's goats

Analysis of differences in prion protein gene (PRNP) polymorphisms between Algerian and Southern Italy's goats

A cross-sectional study of PRNP gene in two native Sicilian goat populations in Italy: a relation between prion gene polymorphisms and scrapie incidence

Predicting the impact of selection for scrapie resistance on PRNP genotype frequencies in goats

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