Biodiversity and patents: Overview of plants and fungi covered by patents

Simmonds, Monique S. J.; Fang, Rui; Wyatt, Lilybelle; Bell, Elizabeth A.; Allkin, Bob; Forest, Félix; Silva, Manuela da; Zhang, Ben Gang; Liu, Jiu Shi; Qi, Yanfeng; Demissew, Sebsebe

doi:10.1002/ppp3.10144

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…The diversity of plant species of a country and their traditional use are potential explanations for that. However, at least regarding China, the national contribution to research and patents on bioactive phytochemicals also significantly benefits from governmental, economic, and bureaucratic incentives [ 46 ]. This will potentially favor these three leading countries in insecticidal phytochemical research to establish promising markets for the product of their efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Trends, Biases, and Gaps in Phytochemicals as Insecticides: Literature Survey and Meta-Analysis

Collares

Turchen

Guedes

2023

Plants

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A 76-year literature survey and meta-analyses were carried out to recognize the trends, biases, and knowledge gaps of studies focusing on major groups of compounds of botanical origin, or phytochemicals, as insecticides. The survey found that the main phytochemicals prospected as insecticides belong to the following major chemical groups: terpenoids, terpenes, and carbonyl, all of which were tested, mainly against beetles (Coleoptera), caterpillars (i.e., larvae of Lepidoptera), and mosquitoes and other flies (i.e., Diptera). These studies are burgeoning at an exponential rate, with an evident focus on mortality endpoint estimates, but they are also neglecting sublethal assessments. China and India in Asia, as well as Brazil in the Americas, were responsible for most studies. The majority of the papers used stored grain insects as experimental models, which limits the applicability and representativeness of the findings. As a result, the main modes of exposure tested were fumigation and contact, which leads to the prevalence of estimates of lethal concentration in these studies. Therefore, a broader range of insect species deserves testing, with suitable modes of exposure identifying and characterizing the main molecules responsible for the insecticidal activity, which is seldom performed. Attention to these needs will circumvent current biases and allow the recognition of the main patterns of association between the origin and structure of phytochemicals and their insecticidal effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Trends, Biases, and Gaps in Phytochemicals as Insecticides: Literature Survey and Meta-Analysis

Collares

Turchen

Guedes

2023

Plants

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“…Today different forms of legal protection of intellectual property are used, such as patents for DNA sequences, patents of microorganisms, patents of cultivars and transgenic animals and protection of cultivars and rights of breeders (breeders who dedicate themselves to breeding of a breed or herd). However, strong controversies have been generated due to the current tendency to establish mechanisms to protect intellectual property on living beings or their components (Rabitz 2017, Simmonds et al 2020. The first concerns the differentiation between a natural living being and a biotechnological product, or between a discovery and an invention new gene product.…”

Section: Impacts Of the Law On Biotechnology With Regard To Patentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Law of Brazilian Biodiversity: Legal Aspects and Impact in the Field of Biotechnology

Folgosi

Valverde

Fiaux

et al. 2021

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…The kingdom Fungi represents a major resource relatively unexplored for its value to industry Kersey et al, 2020;Simmonds et al, 2020;Willis, 2018). Current and potential applications of either fungi or their products include generation of bioenergy (see also Grace et al, 2020); production of pharmaceutical and other healthcare products (see also Howes et al, 2020); food and drinks manufacture (see also Ulian et al, 2020); management of waste, including the bioremediation of soil and water; and manufacture of plastics and biomaterials.…”

Section: Use In Industrial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case for conserving plant pathogens

Ingram

2021

Plant Pathology

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This paper constitutes a case for the counter-intuitive proposal that we as plant pathologists should consider seriously the development of policies for the conservation of plant pathogens. It was stimulated first by the BSPP blogs of Nicola Hawkins and Fay Newbery entitled #wildplantdisease and @wildflowerhourchallenge, which rekindled memories of my presidential lecture to the 7th International Congress

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Biodiversity and patents: Overview of plants and fungi covered by patents

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Research Trends, Biases, and Gaps in Phytochemicals as Insecticides: Literature Survey and Meta-Analysis

Research Trends, Biases, and Gaps in Phytochemicals as Insecticides: Literature Survey and Meta-Analysis

New Law of Brazilian Biodiversity: Legal Aspects and Impact in the Field of Biotechnology

A case for conserving plant pathogens

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