Biodistribution of GdCl3 and Gd-DTPA and their influence on proton magnetic relaxation in rat tissues

Exposure, Metabolism, and Toxicity of Rare Earths and Related Compounds

“…On the other hand, chelated RE seems to be excreted rapidly; a whole body half-time of Tm3+-citrate was about 2.5 hr in rats (24), and approximately 50% of iv-injected Sm3 +-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) was excreted in 8 hr in humans (60). Intravenously injected DTPA-chelated Gd was excreted rapidly via urine after transient accumulation in the kidney, and only 2% of the injected dose remained in the body at 2 hr postinjection; GdCl3 was taken up by reticuloendothelial cells, and 72% was accumulated in the liver and spleen in rats (61)(62)(63). It has also been shown that EDTA-chelated Sc was rapidly taken up by the kidney with subsequent elimination via the urine, while ScCl3 was extensively deposited in the liver and spleen in mice (64).…”

Gadolinium Chloride Toxicity in the Rat

“…In the growing field of diagnostic nuclear magnetic imaging, this property can be exploited by using Gd complexes to provide enhanced contrast between healthy and diseased tissues (3,15,27). The suitability of a complex for use as a contrast agent depends on the presence of a ligand with a high affinity for Gd, which will produce a stable nontoxic compound in vivo.…”

“…Gadolinium (Gd) is a member of the lanthanide series of transition metals which has unusually strong hydrogen-proton spin-lattice relaxation effects (3,9,27). In the growing field of diagnostic nuclear magnetic imaging, this property can be exploited by using Gd complexes to provide enhanced contrast between healthy and diseased tissues (3,15,27).…”

Experimental studies investigating the pathophysiology of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis; what did we learn so far?

“…Free Gd 3+ ions within the intravascular compartment following intravenous administration of Gd chloride/citrate will be attached to plasma proteins and may also form insoluble Gd hydroxide colloid and eventually will be phagocytosed by the reticuloendothelial system in the liver and spleen [15]. For Gd 3+ to be delivered to the skin or other organs it has to be in a soluble form i.e.…”