Biodistribution and acute toxicity of naked gold nanoparticles in a rabbit hepatic tumor model

Abstract

There is a paucity of data regarding the safety of administering solid gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in large animal tumor models. We assessed the acute toxicity and biodistribution of 5 nm and 25 nm solid AuNPs in New Zealand White rabbits (n = 6 in each) with implanted liver Vx2 tumors 24 hours after intravenous injection. Gold concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP) and imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). There was no clinico-pathologic evidence of renal, hepatic, pulmonary, or other organ dysfunction. After 25 nm AuNP administration, the concentration of white blood cells increased after treatment (p = 0.001). Most other blood studies were unchanged. AuNPs were distributed to the spleen, liver, and Vx2 tumors, but not to other tissues. The urinary excretion of AuNPs was bimodal as measured by ICP. 25 nm AuNPs were more evenly distributed throughout tissues and may be better tools for medical therapy.

Novel route synthesis of porous and solid gold nanoparticles for investigating their comparative performance as contrast agent in computed tomography scan and effect on liver and kidney function

“…29,35 To examine the biocompatibility of PGNPs and SGNPs, their influence on blood biochemistry and liver and kidney function was studied in albino rabbits. All rabbits survived during the 3-day study period, and no change was observed in normal behavior, food intake, and Direct cT scan image of (A) PgNPs and (B) sgNPs shows that porous shape has a better density value and thus better contrast display.…”

“…AST and ALP are studies. 29,35 However, this effect seems to be reversible as both the kidneys and liver revert to their normal function after clearance of nanoparticles ( Figure 6). Lack of toxicity has been broadly documented for negatively charged GNPs (probably due to their bare surface) in the size range reported in this paper and at a dose of 1 mg/kg.…”

“…Group 1 was administered with PGNPs, and group 2 with SGNPs. One milligram of GNPs dispersed in 1 mL saline buffer was taken per 1 kg of body weight 29 and injected into the rabbits through the marginal ear vein. Blood samples were taken after 1, 2, and 3 days, and assays were performed for biochemical parameters of blood (serum glucose and cholesterol level), liver function (alanine transferase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], bilirubin total), and renal function (blood urea and serum creatinine).…”

Some inferences from in vivo experiments with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles: the pulmonary phagocytosis response, subchronic systemic toxicity and genotoxicity, regulatory proposals, searching for bioprotectors (a self-overview)

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Although in the vast nanotoxicological literature of the last decade studies concerned with the assessment of metal or metal-oxide NP toxicity are not at the top of the list, such publications are nevertheless quite numerous. To illustrate this, we may refer to several works devoted to NPs of the metals that were the subject-matter of our own studies considered below: iron oxide, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] silver, gold, 24,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] copper and copper oxide, 43,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] nickel oxide, 65,[69]…”

The biodistribution and pharmacokinetic evaluation of choline-bound gold nanoparticles in a human prostate tumor xenograft model

“…GNPs in the literature have demonstrated signi cant hepatic and splenic GNP accumulation, with their combined uptake representing more than 80% of the injected dose [38][39][40]. In comparison, our PEI stabilized choline-GNP demonstrated signi cantly lower combined splenic and hepatic GNP uptake (max combined was 40 %ID/g).…”