Biodiesel synthesis via metal oxides and metal chlorides catalysis from marine alga Melanothamnus afaqhusainii

Biodiesel Production from Macroalgae Oil from Fucus vesiculosus Using Magnetic Catalyst in Unconventional Reactor Assisted by Magnetic Field

“…Furthermore, this oil has an acidity index of 2.66 mg KOH/g, which, being less than 3.0 mg KOH/g, does not need a previous step of esterification, and therefore, is an attractive raw material of good quality for biodiesel production. This result is even more important when compared to oils from other macroalgae sources reported in the literature, which have much higher acidity indexes, such as Enteromorpha compressa oil, which reaches 12.60 mg KOH/g [38]; oil of Ulva fasciata, which can present between 9.3-13.73 mg KOH/g [34,49] and oil of Melanothamnus afaqhusainii, which can reach up to 18.2 mg KOH/g [33]. On the other hand, the catalyst developed for this study was an extruded derivative with the hollow cylindrical noodle geometry, whose basic dimensions are shown in Figure 2.…”

“…On the other hand, van Hal et al [18] consider that the energy costs of harvesting are not so troublesome for macroalgae due to their larger size, although they do not present a significant content of lipids compared to microalgae. Besides, macroalgae, also known as seaweeds, are attractively evaluated as a feedstock nowadays for the production of biofuels, including biomethane [19][20][21][22]; bio-oil [23][24][25]; bioethanol [26][27][28][29][30] and biodiesel [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], and to attain several important bioproducts for chemical and pharmaceutical applications [40].…”

Multi-objective optimization of methane production system from biomass through anaerobic digestion

“…Keywords: Due to the depletion of fossil fuel and the environmental problems associated with fossil energy, considerable effort has been made to search for alternative energy [1][2]. Biogas produced via anaerobic digestion of livestock and crop straw has attracted worldwide interest as it is clean and renewable energy [1,3]. The produced biogas is generally utilized for the production of electricity, heat, vehicle fuel [4] and natural gas substitute after purification, and the digestate byproduct can be employed as fertilizer after treatment.…”