Biodiesel synthesis from cottonseed oil using homogeneous alkali catalyst and using heterogeneous multi walled carbon nanotubes: Characterization and blending studies

Shankar, Ashish; Pentapati, Prudhvi Raj; Prasad, R. Krishna

doi:10.1016/j.ejpe.2016.04.001

Cited by 50 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To obtain biodiesel, various types of catalysts are used. Hydroxides NaOH and KOH, due to their low market value and high catalytic activity at low reaction temperatures (55-75 • C), are the most commonly-used homogeneous basic catalysts [23]. Acidic homogeneous catalysts (HCl and H 2 SO 4 ) have an advantage when fats with a high content of free fatty acids are processed [24].…”

Section: Glycerol Production Consumption and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetalization Catalysts for Synthesis of Valuable Oxygenated Fuel Additives from Glycerol

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biodiesel is one of the most attractive sources of clean energy. It is produced by the transformation of vegetable oils with up to 10% formation of glycerol as a by-product. Therefore, development of new approaches for processing bio-glycerol into such value-added chemical compounds as solketals is necessary. Thus, various six- and five-membered cyclic compounds can be prepared by acetalization of glycerol with aldehyde or ketone. The resulting glycerol oxygenates are excellent fuel additives that increase viscosity, octane or cetane number, and stability to oxidation. In addition, these products significantly reduce carbon monoxide emissions from standard diesel fuel. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the glycerol valorization for the sustainable production of bio-additives. The review includes a discussion of the innovative and potential catalysts to produce solketals.

show abstract

Section: Glycerol Production Consumption and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetalization Catalysts for Synthesis of Valuable Oxygenated Fuel Additives from Glycerol

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The viscosity and density of the oil were determined to be 43.6 mm 2 /s and 918.4 kg/m 3 respectively. The WCG oil higher heating value (HHV) was measured to be 38.85 MJ/kg, exceeding the HHV of other biodiesel feedstocks such as waste cooking oil [43], cottonseed oil [44] and rice bran oil [45]. The higher calorific value might be due to the high carbon to oxygen ratios [46].…”

Section: Properties Of Recovered Lipidmentioning

confidence: 93%

Resource Recovery from Waste Coffee Grounds Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Technology for Bioenergy Production

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biodiesel is a proven alternative fuel that can serve as a substitute for petroleum diesel due to its renewability, non-toxicity, sulphur-free nature and superior lubricity. Waste-based non-edible oils are studied as potential biodiesel feedstocks owing to the focus on the valorisation of waste products. Instead of being treated as municipal waste, waste coffee grounds (WCG) can be utilised for oil extraction, thereby recovering an energy source in the form of biodiesel. This study evaluates oil extraction from WCG using ultrasonic and Soxhlet techniques, followed by biodiesel conversion using an ultrasonic-assisted transesterification process. It was found that n-hexane was the most effective solvent for the oil extraction process and ultrasonic-assisted technology offers a 13.5% higher yield compared to the conventional Soxhlet extraction process. Solid-to-solvent ratio and extraction time of the oil extraction process from the dried waste coffee grounds (DWCG) after the brewing process was optimised using the response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that predicted yield of 17.75 wt. % of coffee oil can be obtained using 1:30 w/v of the mass ratio of DWCG-ton-hexane and 34 min of extraction time when 32% amplitude was used. The model was verified by the experiment where 17.23 wt. % yield of coffee oil was achieved when the extraction process was carried out under optimal conditions. The infrared absorption spectrum analysis of WCG oil determined suitable functional groups for biodiesel conversion which was further treated using an ultrasonic-assisted transesterification process to successfully convert to biodiesel.Coffee is the world's second-largest traded liquid commodity, after oil, with approximately 8 million tons of coffee produced each year [13]. A large amount of heat energy is used to convert green coffee beans into brown roasted beans in the brewing process, generating large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [14]. The enormous demand for this beverage also produces a large quantity of residual waste after brewing. Every 1 ton of coffee beans produces 650 kg of coffee residue after brewing, known as WCG [15]. The global coffee industry produced an estimate of 9.34 million tons of waste in 2017, which was either incinerated, dumped in landfills or composted [16]. Every year Australia produces an estimated 75,000 tonnes of used ground coffee waste, and 93% of cafes send their WCGs to landfill. The annual domestic coffee consumption in Australia has reached almost 1.9 million 60 kg bags. On average, Australians consumed around 1.92 kilograms of coffee per person in 2017 [17]. The grounds that are used to make coffee are used only once and then immediately discarded. With rising rates of consumption, waste residues from the coffee industry (by-products from harvesting, processing, roasting and brewing stages of coffee production and processing) represent a challenge to worldwide directives aiming to reduce landfill volume. The inherent toxicity of several constituents within coffee...

show abstract

“…Carbon nanotubes were also utilized as catalysts, using a homogenous alkali catalyst as reported by Shankar et al (2017). Biodiesel production from cottonseed oil was evaluated using trans-esterification reaction using homogenous alkalibased carbon nanotubes as a nanocatalyst, giving an optimum yield of 95% within a time range of 60-120 min (Shankar et al, 2017).…”

Section: Carbon Based Nanocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Optimization of Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production: An Overview

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Necessity and exploitation of fossil fuel products are implacable in serving the needs of humanity despite being a finite and limited resource. To meet the thrust of energy, biofuels derived from varieties of renewable resources are imperative in fulfilling the demand of renewable fuels on a large scale without creating environmental concerns. Biofuels are inevitably the result of the carbon fixation process which stores chemical energy, ultimately reducing the total amount of carbon dioxide. Different kinds of biofuels like bioethanol, biomethanol, biogas, and biodiesel are derived depending on varieties of feedstock materials. Among these, production of biodiesel augments the progression of clean and renewable fuel. In this review, we have discussed the production of biodiesel derived from various feedstock and using several processes like pyrolysis, direct blending, micro-emulsion, and trans-esterification, with critical discussion focussing on increasing biodiesel production using nanocatalysts. Biodiesel production mainly proceeds through homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis via trans-esterification method. The review further discusses the significance of nanocatalyst in heterogeneous catalysis based trans-esterification for large scale biodiesel production. With the advent of nanotechnology, designing and modification of nanocatalyst gives rise to attractive properties such as increased surface area, high thermal stability, and enhanced catalytic activity. The role of nanocatalysts have been extensively studied and investigated in regard to the increased biodiesel production. Along with the modification of nanocatalysts, we have briefly discussed the physico-chemical properties and the role of the optimization parameters as it plays a pivotal role in enhancing the biodiesel production commercially.

show abstract

Biodiesel synthesis from cottonseed oil using homogeneous alkali catalyst and using heterogeneous multi walled carbon nanotubes: Characterization and blending studies

Cited by 50 publications

References 22 publications

Acetalization Catalysts for Synthesis of Valuable Oxygenated Fuel Additives from Glycerol

Acetalization Catalysts for Synthesis of Valuable Oxygenated Fuel Additives from Glycerol

Resource Recovery from Waste Coffee Grounds Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Technology for Bioenergy Production

Fabrication and Optimization of Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production: An Overview

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About