Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oils by Potassium Methoxide Supported on Activated Carbon Catalysts from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Abstract

Various carbon-rich solid catalysts are evaluated for the synthesis of biodiesel from waste frying oil. The study results showed that the use of activated carbon made of corn stalk could increase the biodiesel yield by 7%. The heterogeneous carbon-based catalysts made of lignocellulosic residues could successfully improve the quality of biodiesel properties. The results obtained revealed that the biodiesel properties, including relative density (852–900 kg·m−3) and kinematic viscosity (2.4–3.9 mm2·s−1), are in compliance with the standard limits of ASTM and the European Biodiesel Standard, suggesting that the biodiesel produced would be decent as a diesel fuel that potentially can minimize the serious damage of engine parts, and prolong the engine life.

Investigating the Influence of Different Electrodes on the Synthesis of Biodiesel from Palm Oil and Waste Cooking Oil via Electrolysis Processes

“…The results also added that electrocatalysts introduced to the transesteri cation of waste cooking oil could slightly increase the electrical conductivity of the produced biodiesel from 3000 pS/m to around 4000 pS/m. The level of electrical conductivity of all produced biodiesel was classi ed as high conductivity fuel indicating that the fuel may have the ability to dissipate and/or reduce the electrostatic charges or ignition spark during its storage, distribution and/or transportation (Corach et al, 2021;Darwin et al, 2021).…”

“…The produced biodiesel was analyzed to determine its properties including water content, FFA, acid number, pH, relative density, kinematic viscosity, ash content, electrical conductivity, re point and ash point, pour point and cloud point. Kinematic viscosity was analyzed using a vertical falling sphere viscometer equipped with digital timer under the temperature of 15 °C (Yuan and Lin 2008; Darwin et al 2021).…”

“…The collected waste cooking oil was promptly cleaned and put in the oven under the temperature of 105 ± 0.5 °C for 24 h to remove the water contained. The cleaned oil was then ltered utilized a 200 meshscreen to remove particles or impurities, which may affect the transesteri cation process to form biodiesel (Darwin et al 2021).…”

Enhanced biodiesel production from waste cooking oils catalyzed by sodium hydroxide supported on heterogeneous co-catalyst of bentonite clay

“…This result is highly significant as electrical charges of the biodiesel would not simply be accumulated at a high conductivity. Hence, the dissipation heat in the form of a spark would be minimised (Darwin et al 2021a).…”

“…A series of NaOH/bentonite clay catalysts used for the synthesis of biodiesel was based on the following procedure: The ratios of NaOH and bentonite clay applied in the experiments were 9 : 1 as treatment 1 (T1), 8 : 2 as treatment 2 (T2), 7 : 3 as treatment 3 (T3), and 6 : 4 as treatment 4 (T4). Moreover, the control solution used sodium hydroxide as the only catalyst without using bentonite clay or any other catalysts (Darwin et al 2021a). To ensure reliability and reproducibility, each experiment was performed in duplicate.…”