Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using a heterogeneous catalyst from pyrolyzed rice husk

Li, Ming; Zheng, Yan; Chen, Yixin; Zhu, Xun

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.070

Cited by 218 publications

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“…16 Many heterogeneous catalysts have been widely investigated for vegetable oils transesterification such as alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides and transition metal hydroxides compounds supported on alumina, zeolites, hydrotalcites and ion exchange resins. [17][18][19][20][21][22] In accordance to Zabeti et al 23 strontium oxide has specific surface area of 1.05 m 2 g -1 , alkaline characteristics and high activity in the reaction medium. However, it is not widely used for the transesterification reaction.…”

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confidence: 88%

Strontium and Nickel Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Macaw Oil

Abreu¹,

Moura²,

Costa³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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It is presented herein heterogeneous catalysts comprised of strontium and nickel oxides synthesized using a coprecipitation method. They were applied for the preparation of biodiesel from macaw palm oil. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), adsorption and desorption of nitrogen by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA). The conversion was determined by gas chromatography with flame detector (GC-FID). The best activity was obtained when the catalyst was calcined at 1100 °C for 3 hours. The highest conversion was reached (97%) when the following conditions were used: 5 hours, 2% of metal loading, 65 °C and oil/alcohol molar ratio of 1:9. Keywords: heterogeneous catalyst, coprecipitation, biodiesel, macaw oil IntroductionThe large increase in global petroleum consumption has caused huge environmental impacts and economic issues. In order to provide a future reduction of the world oil dependence, the development of renewable fuels like biodiesel is quite attractive 1,2 since the main advantages of biodiesel include biodegradability, high flash point and low emissions of carbon monoxide and other pollutants. 3,4 According to Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP) resolution 14/2012 5 and law number 11.097, 6 which deals with the introduction of sustainable fuel in the Brazilian energy matrix, biodiesel refers to renewable fuels derived from raw materials meant to be used in internal combustion compression ignition engines; they may partially or totally replace fossil feedstock. Usually, these compounds are made by chemically reacting triglyceride molecules present in vegetable oils and animal fats with methanol or ethanol in the presence of a suitable catalyst to form alkyl esters of fatty acids and glicerol. 7,8 Industrial biodiesel production uses homogeneous alkaline catalysts (KOH, NaOH and NaOCH 3 ) due to its low cost and high yield of the final products.9-11 Although these catalysts are effective, the serious environmental problems they cause has driven the development of more active and selective heterogeneous catalysts lately. 12,13 The application of heterogeneous catalysts in transesterification reactions is considered a green technology as the catalysts are easily separated from the products and can be recycled. Moreover, the reaction method utilizes less water than the homogeneous catalysts processes.14,15 Thus, the development of efficient and low cost heterogeneous catalysts raises the possibility of their commercially utilization on biodiesel production. 16 Many heterogeneous catalysts have been widely investigated for vegetable oils transesterification such as alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides and transition metal hydroxides compounds supported on alumina, zeolites, hydrotalcites and ion exchange resins. [17][18][19][20][21][22] In accordance to Zabeti et al. 23 strontium oxide...

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confidence: 88%

Strontium and Nickel Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Macaw Oil

Abreu¹,

Moura²,

Costa³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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“…In recent times, the use of heterogeneous catalysts has been proven to be very effective in converting high FFA feedstock directly to biodiesel, thereby by-passing the esterification stage [4,7,[10][11]. The most commonly used heterogeneous catalysts for the production of biodiesel are ion-exchange resins, inorganic-oxide solid acids and supported noble-metal oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly used heterogeneous catalysts for the production of biodiesel are ion-exchange resins, inorganic-oxide solid acids and supported noble-metal oxides. However, a dramatic decrease in the catalytic activity of these catalysts has been observed due to their absorption of water during biodiesel production [10].Besides the sharp reduction in the catalytic activity, the catalysts can form a slurry with the products by absorbing water and carbon dioxide, thereby increases the viscosity of the product mixture, making product separation very difficult [12]. In recent times, a few research efforts have been expended on the development of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production [4,7,[12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent times, a few research efforts have been expended on the development of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production [4,7,[12][13]. For biodiesel production from WCO, recent concerted research efforts have investigated the use of solid-base catalysts obtained from pyrolyzed rice husk [10] and silica sulfuric acid [14]. As far as could be ascertained, there is no report in the open literature on the conversion of WCO to biodiesel over calcined solid hydroxy sodalite (HS) catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel over Calcined Hydroxy Sodalite (HS) Catalyst: A preliminary investigation

Makgaba¹,

Daramola²

2015

Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering

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Abstract-In this article, preliminary investigation on the use of hydroxy sodalite (HS) as a solid catalyst for the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) to biodiesel is presented. Hydroxy sodalite was synthesized in our laboratory via the conventional hydrothermal synthesis technique and the crystals were used as basic solid catalyst to convert waste cooking oil to biodiesel. Physicochemical properties of the as-synthesized HS catalyst were obtained using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) for surface chemistry and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for the morphology. The reaction was conducted at 60 o C for 6 h at a methanol-to-WCO ratio of 7.5:1 using 3 wt.% HS catalyst. The stirring was at 400 rpm to ensure uniform concentration and heat distribution during the reaction. The product obtained after the reaction was analyzed using a pre-calibrated Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The SEM images of the solid catalyst and the FTIR spectra show that HS particles were synthesized. The result of the analysis of the product revealed that biodiesel was produced. As far as could be ascertained, this is the first open report on the use of HS as solid catalyst for biodiesel production. The results of the investigation opened up further on-going research efforts in this area in our laboratory and subsequent results will be communicated in the future.

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“…Because the pyrolysis temperature is usually in the range of 400 to 550 °C , activated carbon can be produced from the solid char directly by physical activation, and thus lowering the preparation cost because of the absence of the preliminary carbonization stage. However, in the pyrolysis of rice husk, the solid byproduct pyrolyzed rice husk (PR) is rich in ash content, as high as approximately 35% (Li et al 2014), which will prevent porosity evolution by blocking or filling some pores during the activation process (Yun et al 2003;Suzuki et al 2007); therefore, the surface area is usually low for the activated carbon prepared from rice husk by physical activation. Presently, the most common method used to remove ash in the activation of rice husk precursor is by chemical activation using NaOH or KOH as an activating agent (Yeletsky et al 2009;Xiao et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Activated Carbon from Pyrolyzed Rice Husk by Leaching out Ash Content after CO2 Activation

Zhu

2016

BioResources

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To prepare activated carbons with a high porosity and low ash content from pyrolyzed rice husk, the method of KOH or K2CO3 solution leaching after CO2 activation was investigated. The effects of KOH or K2CO3 concentration and leaching time on the yield, ash content, and textural properties of the activated carbon were studied, and the activated carbon prepared under the best conditions was characterized. The results showed that the best leaching time was 1 h for KOH and K2CO3, and the best concentrations were 1.0 and 4.0 M, respectively. The leaching process was greatly beneficial to the development of the pore structure. The specific surface area of the activated carbon prepared under the most favorable conditions was approximately 1100 m 2 /g, and the iodine values were greater than 1100 mg/g. As a result of the leaching process, the ash content of the sample was notably decreased from 63% to approximately 5%, and the porosity development was attributed to the reaction of the leaching reagents with silica.

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Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using a heterogeneous catalyst from pyrolyzed rice husk

Cited by 218 publications

References 18 publications

Strontium and Nickel Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Macaw Oil

Strontium and Nickel Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Macaw Oil

Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel over Calcined Hydroxy Sodalite (HS) Catalyst: A preliminary investigation

Preparation of Activated Carbon from Pyrolyzed Rice Husk by Leaching out Ash Content after CO2 Activation

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