Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using heterogeneous nanocatalyst-based magnetic polyaniline decorated with cobalt oxide

Bahadoran, Ashkan; Ramakrishna, Seeram; Oryani, Bahareh; Al-Keridis, Lamya Ahmed; Nodeh, Hamid Rashidi; Rezania, Shahabaldin

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123858

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The 1 H NMR spectrum of the biodiesel sample obtained after WCO conversion to FAME using the SO 4 2– /ZnO-β-zeolite catalyst is shown in Figure S1. The presence of a triplet peak at 2.31 ppm and a single peak at 3.67 ppm corresponding to α-CH 2 protons ( A CH2 ) and methoxy protons ( A ME ), respectively, confirms biodiesel formation . These two peaks indicated oil conversion to biodiesel.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The presence of a triplet peak at 2.31 ppm and a single peak at 3.67 ppm corresponding to α-CH 2 protons (A CH2 ) and methoxy protons (A ME ), respectively, confirms biodiesel formation. 28 These two peaks indicated oil conversion to biodiesel. Other peaks include signals at 0.88, 1.26, and 1.61 ppm for end-of-chain methyl protons, carbon methylene proton, and carbonyl methylene protons, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several research groups have also reported the use of heterogeneous nanocatalysts for biodiesel production, including zinc oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxide, and cobalt oxide nanocatalysts. − For instance, Saravanan et al used a solvent-free approach to prepare 11 nm sulfated zirconia nanoparticles by the precipitation technique and then used them as nanocatalysts for transesterification of palmitic acid, which gives a 90% yield . Other types of solid acid catalysts have also been used for biodiesel production. , For example, Brønsted acidic ionic liquids have also been exploited for the catalytic transesterification of coconut oil .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil via β-Zeolite-Supported Sulfated Metal Oxide Catalyst Systems

2023

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Waste cooking oil (WCO) is a readily available and cheap feedstock for biodiesel production. However, WCO contains high levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), which negatively impact the biodiesel yield if homogeneous catalysts are used. Heterogeneous solid acid catalysts are preferred for low-cost feedstocks because the catalysts are highly insensitive to high levels of FFA in the feedstock. Therefore, in the present study, we synthesized and evaluated different solid catalysts, pure β-zeolite, ZnO-β-zeolite, and SO 4 2− /ZnO-β-zeolite for the production of biodiesel using WCO as feedstock. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pyridine-FTIR, N 2 adsorption−desorption, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, while the biodiesel product was analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H and 13 C NMR) and gas chromatography−mass spectroscopy. The results revealed that the SO 4 2− /ZnO-β-zeolite catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance for simultaneous transesterification and esterification of WCO, with a higher percentage conversion than the ZnO-β-zeolite and pure β-zeolite catalyst, due to the large pore size and high acidity. The SO 4 2− /ZnO-β-zeolite catalyst exhibits 6.5 nm pore size, a total pore volume of 0.17 cm 3 /g, and high surface area of 250.26 m 2 /g. Experimental parameters such as catalyst loading, methanol:oil molar ratio, temperature, and reaction time were varied in order to establish the optimal parameters. The highest WCO conversion of 96.9% was obtained using the SO 4 2− / ZnO-β-zeolite catalyst under an optimum reaction condition of 3.0 wt % catalyst loading, 200 °C reaction temperature, and 15:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil in 8 h reaction time. The WCO-derived biodiesel properties conform to the ASTM6751 standard specification. Our investigation of its kinetics revealed that the reaction follows a pseudo first-order kinetic model, with an activation energy (E a ) of 38.58 kJ/mol. Moreover, the stability and reusability of the catalysts were evaluated, and it was found that the SO 4 2− / ZnO-β-zeolite catalyst exhibited good stability, giving a biodiesel conversion of over 80% after three synthesis cycles.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil via β-Zeolite-Supported Sulfated Metal Oxide Catalyst Systems

2023

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“…As they usually are magnetizable species, NCs are easily separable from the reaction medium due to their insolubility [ 23 ]. According to the existing literature [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], relevant examples of NCs include nanoparticles containing cobalt [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], gold [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], iron [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], nickel [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], palladium [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], and platinum [ 42 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Among the most diverse uses of NCs are biodiesel production [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ], dyeing [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuels and Nanocatalysts: Python Boosting Visualization of Similarities

et al. 2023

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Among the most relevant themes of modernity, using renewable resources to produce biofuels attracts several countries’ attention, constituting a vital part of the global geopolitical chessboard since humanity’s energy needs will grow faster and faster. Fortunately, advances in personal computing associated with free and open-source software production facilitate this work of prospecting and understanding complex scenarios. Thus, for the development of this work, the keywords “biofuel” and “nanocatalyst” were delivered to the Scopus database, which returned 1071 scientific articles. The titles and abstracts of these papers were saved in Research Information Systems (RIS) format and submitted to automatic analysis via the Visualization of Similarities Method implemented in VOSviewer 1.6.18 software. Then, the data extracted from the VOSviewer were processed by software written in Python, which allowed the use of the network data generated by the Visualization of Similarities Method. Thus, it was possible to establish the relationships for the pair between the nodes of all clusters classified by Link Strength Between Items or Terms (LSBI) or by year. Indeed, other associations should arouse particular interest in the readers. However, here, the option was for a numerical criterion. However, all data are freely available, and stakeholders can infer other specific connections directly. Therefore, this innovative approach allowed inferring that the most recent pairs of terms associate the need to produce biofuels from microorganisms’ oils besides cerium oxide nanoparticles to improve the performance of fuel mixtures by reducing the emission of hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

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“…Numerous synthesized heterogeneous catalysts have been utilized for optimizing the transesterification of various bio-oils into alternative biodiesels. 2,3,10,[14][15][16] Despite the development of numerous heterogeneous catalysts, calcium hydroxide (CaO) and other alkali oxides are recognized as activated heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification. Various bio-based CaO compounds have been utilized for biodiesel transesterification.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrasound intensification of two‐stage biodiesel production: optimization for palm empty fruit bunch oil as a palm oil industry by‐product

Seithtanabutara,

Pholsawang,

Wongwuttanasatian

2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Palm empty fruit bunch oil (palm EFB oil) is a waste product that can be used to produce biodiesel at a low cost. However, high free fatty acid (FFA) content is the primary obstacle to biodiesel production. Before the transesterification process can begin, the oil must be esterified to reduce its acid content. This study seeks to employ dual‐frequency ultrasound at frequencies of 28 kHz (200 W) and 40 kHz (200 W) to aid in the esterification and transesterification of ZSM‐5‐38 and CaO catalysts, respectively. Central composite design and response surface methodology were used to determine the optimal conditions for the three primary parameters of methanol to oil (M:O molar ratio), catalyst loading and reaction time. A 12:1 M:O molar ratio, 11.36 wt% catalyst loading (ZSM‐5‐38) and 60 min of reaction duration were the optimal conditions for esterification to achieve a FFA conversion of 91.51%. The reusability of ZSM‐5‐38 revealed a decrease in FFA conversions of 87.36, 75.11, 67.13 and 58.68% with each reused cycle. The optimal transesterification conditions were a 3.28:1 M:O molar ratio, 4.62 wt% catalyst loading (CaO) and 64 min of reaction time, yielding 83.58% biodiesel. The viscosity value (D 445), the flash point (D 93) and the heating value (ASTM D240) of biodiesel produced under optimal conditions were evaluated. The biodiesel properties were determined to be 4.7931 mm2/s, 176°C and 40 398 kJ/kg, respectively.

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Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using heterogeneous nanocatalyst-based magnetic polyaniline decorated with cobalt oxide

Cited by 25 publications

References 61 publications

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil via β-Zeolite-Supported Sulfated Metal Oxide Catalyst Systems

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil via β-Zeolite-Supported Sulfated Metal Oxide Catalyst Systems

Biofuels and Nanocatalysts: Python Boosting Visualization of Similarities

Ultrasound intensification of two‐stage biodiesel production: optimization for palm empty fruit bunch oil as a palm oil industry by‐product

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