Biodiesel production from waste chicken oil using nanoeggshell heterogeneous catalyst with isopropyl ether as cosolvent

Abstract

The main aim of the present work is to produce biodiesel from waste chicken fat using a nanoeggshell heterogeneous catalyst. For the first time, isopropyl ether was used as cosolvent and investigated the effects of transesterification factors affecting the biodiesel yield. The eggshell has been activated in the muffle furnace at 900°C and was further characterized by using X‐ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and Hammet indicator to study the catalytic behavior of the catalyst. Optimization of transesterification parameters such as methanol‐to‐oil ratio, methanol‐to‐cosolvent ratio, catalyst concentration, and reaction time have been investigated using statistical techniques of response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design. The empirical value of methyl ester yield obtained from RSM (95.7%) could be comparable with the experimental value (98.1%) and showed that the model shall be considered statistically significant at 97% confidence level. Using Design expert software, by point prediction tool, the experiments were repeated for two times under optimal conditions attained biodiesel yield of 97.2%. The experimental work explored that the addition of isopropyl ether improved the biodiesel yield with a reduction in reaction time from 4 to 1.5 h. The catalyst reusability was stable up to four cycles of the transesterification reaction.

Synthesis of biodiesel from waste recycled oil employing animal bone ash

“…The viscosity, which is a gauge of oil's resistance to shearing, was 6.58 cP. This value is within the previously stated range (15.15 -15.9 cP) for waste used oil(Cholapandian et al, 2022: Kirubakaran andArul, 2020).…”

Sustainable future: Resource recovery and concentrate management—An introduction

“…This is followed by an article (Bichueti et al, 2021) on how the sustainable water management can contribute to business performance of the mining industry in Brazil. Two more articles (Kirubakaran and Arul Mozhi Selvan, 2021;Rajeswari et al, 2021) then discuss the pretreatments and usage of novel catalysts in biofuel production. This is followed by an article (Aravind et al, 2021) that provides a technique to reduce the consumption of fossil fuel by the addition of nanoparticles to the fuel blend.…”

“…The study showed that hot water pre-treatment produced good outcomes and the additive prevented redeposition of the lignin on the pre-treated biomass surface. Further, Kirubakaran and Arul Mozhi Selvan (2021), have evaluated the production of biodiesel from waste chicken oil using nano-eggshell heterogeneous catalyst with isopropyl ether as cosolvent. The authors have provided a flow chart of biodiesel production processes-the waste chicken fat was microwaved to extract oil and based on the free fatty acid content it was pre-treated before transesterification.…”