Biodiesel production from Terminalia bellerica using eggshell-based green catalyst: An optimization study with response surface methodology

Marwaha, Akshey; Rosha, Pali; Mohapatra, S.K.; Mahla, Sunil Kumar; Dhir, Amit

doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2019.10.022

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…BBD are useful in estimating quadratic model parameters and building of progressive designs [9]. BBD has been applied successfully in various transesterification reaction processes to investigate the effect of process variables and to determine the optimal conditions with a reduced number of experiments [10], [19,20]. It has been applied by [9] to optimized biodiesel production from Portulaca seed oil and to investigate the effective variables with the predicted optimum yield of 97.81%.…”

Section: Experimental Design For the Transesterification Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Carica papaya peels as effective biocatalyst in the optimized parametric transesterification of used vegetable oil

Etim

Eloka‐Eboka

Musonge

2020

Environmental Engineering Research

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This study investigates the effectiveness of a base heterogenous catalyst derived from waste Carica papaya peels in the transesterification of used vegetable oil (UVO). The calcined Carica papaya peels (CCPP) were characterised using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The EDX result indicated that the ash contains various minerals with potassium (K) as the main active element in remove for the charge of the high catalytic activity. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimise and investigate the effect of the critical process parameters which include: the reaction time (50 – 70 min), catalyst loading (2.5 – 4.5 wt%) and methanol-to-oil molar ratio (9:1 – 15:1). The optimal reaction condition for the transesterification process was found to be catalyst loading of 3.5 wt%, methanol/oil molar ratio of 12:1, process reaction time of 60 min at constant reaction temperature of 65 <sup>o</sup>C which resulted in the maximum biodiesel yield of 97.5 wt%. The quality of the produced biodiesel was in agreement with ASTM standards. The catalyst was reused up to three times with minimal decrease in the catalytic activity in the biodiesel conversion. The study demonstrates the potential of waste biomass feedstocks in the production of sustainable biodiesel fuel.

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Section: Experimental Design For the Transesterification Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Carica papaya peels as effective biocatalyst in the optimized parametric transesterification of used vegetable oil

Etim

Eloka‐Eboka

Musonge

2020

Environmental Engineering Research

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“…The predicted R 2 of 0.9983 is reasonably close to the expected R 2 of 0.9951. The model is expected to be a good fit with the regression coefficient value of more than 80% [39]. The correlation variation (C.V%) obtained was 0.14% less than 10%, and the lower C.V% value indicates a good model fit [40].…”

Section: Model Fitting and Variance Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

Synthesis of Magnetic Catalyst Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Esterification of Oleic Acid: An Optimization Study

Krishnan

Pua

Tan

2021

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Biomass, renewable, abundantly available and a good source of energy. The conversion of biomass waste into valuable products has received wide attention. In this study, an empty fruit bunch (oil palm EFB) supported magnetic acid catalyst for esterification reaction was successfully prepared via the one-step impregnation process. The new magnetic catalyst achieved a higher surface area of 188.87 m2/g with a total acidity of 2.4 mmol/g and identified iron oxide as g-Fe2O3. The magnetization value of 24.97 emu/g demonstrated that the superparamagnetic catalyst could be easily recovered and separated after the reaction using an external magnet. The catalytic performance of oil palm EFB supported magnetic acid catalyst was examined by esterification of oleic acid. Esterification process parameters were optimized via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization tool with Box-Behnken design (BBD). The following optimum parameters were determined: an amount of 9 wt% catalyst, molar ratio of methanol to oleic acid of 12:1, reaction time of 2 h and reaction temperature of 60 °C with a maximum conversion of 94.91% was achieved. The catalyst can be recycled up to five cycles with minimal loss in its activity. The oil palm waste-based magnetic acid catalyst indicates its potential replacement to the existing solid catalysts that are economical and environmentally friendly for the esterification process in biofuel applications. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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“… 3 , 17 , 18 They can be produced at low cost, require simple isolation and separation techniques, possess valuable regeneration capacity, are a pure biodiesel product, and exhibit promising ecofriendly properties and no corrosive effect. 16 , 19 , 20 Several heterogeneous catalysts were introduced for the transesterification of castor oil as Ni/doped ZnO, 21 Fe doped ZnO, 22 Li–MgO, 23 Sr–MgO, 24 MgO/MCM-41, 25 and La 2 O 3 -modified Y-zeolite. 26 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonocogreen Decoration of Clinoptilolite by CaO Nanorods as Ecofriendly Catalysts in the Transesterification of Castor Oil into Biodiesel; Response Surface Studies

et al. 2021

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A CaO/clinoptilolite green nanocomposite (CaO/ Clino) was synthesized by a green modification technique using calcium nitrate and green tea extract. The CaO/Clino nanocomposite promises a total basicity of 4.82 mmol OH/g, surface area of 252.4 m 2 /g, and ion exchange capacity of 134.3 mequiv/ 100 g, which qualifies the product as an effective catalyst in the transesterification of castor oil. The transesterification performance of the CaO/Clino catalyst was addressed statistically based on the response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design, considering the essential experimental parameters. Based on the interaction effect between the studied variables, the CaO/ Clino catalyst can achieve an experimental biodiesel yield of 93.8% after 2.5 h at 120 °C with 3.5 wt % catalyst loading and 15:1 ethanol/castor oil molar ratio. The optimization function of the design suggested enhancement in the performance of the CaO/Clino catalyst to achieve a yield of 95.4% if the test time interval increased to 2.65 h and the ethanol content increased to 16:1 as a molar ratio to castor oil. The produced biodiesel over CaO/ClinO has acceptable technical qualifications according to the international requirements (EN 14214 and ASTM D-6751). The synthetic green CaO/Clino nanocomposite has better recyclability as a heterogeneous catalyst and higher activity than some investigated catalysts in literature.

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Biodiesel production from Terminalia bellerica using eggshell-based green catalyst: An optimization study with response surface methodology

Cited by 43 publications

References 46 publications

Potential of Carica papaya peels as effective biocatalyst in the optimized parametric transesterification of used vegetable oil

Potential of Carica papaya peels as effective biocatalyst in the optimized parametric transesterification of used vegetable oil

Synthesis of Magnetic Catalyst Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Esterification of Oleic Acid: An Optimization Study

Sonocogreen Decoration of Clinoptilolite by CaO Nanorods as Ecofriendly Catalysts in the Transesterification of Castor Oil into Biodiesel; Response Surface Studies

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