Biodiesel production from rice bran oil and supercritical methanol

Biodiesel production through non-catalytic supercritical transesterification: current state and perspectives

“…Vieitez et al (2008) showed that the trans isomer content increases with increasing reaction temperature and residence time for soybean oil ethanolysis under supercritical conditions. Kasim et al (2009) reported that the percentage of trans isomers can reach levels up to 16% under certain reaction conditions (30 MPa, 573 K) for the transesterification of rice bran oil in supercritical methanol. Vieitez et al (2008) utilized the term "decomposition" of fatty acids to refer to the decrease in their percentage due to the formation of other compounds (not necessarily implying that they have decomposed but have suffered some type of alteration).…”

A Comparison Between Raw Material and Technologies for a Sustainable Biodiesel Production Industry

“…Due to the need of oil for feeding purposes and for biofuel production; alternative raw materials, pointed out in section 2, are being evaluated, tested and used. The uses of these new raw materials have generated new processes to carry on the transesterification reaction, example of this are: acid homogeneous catalyst (Marchetti et al, 2007, Srivastava & Prasad, 2000, Ma & Hanna, 1999, Fukuda et al, 2001, Knothe et al, 2005, Marchetti, 2010, Zheng et al, 2006, solid resins (Bajaj et al, 2010, Ranganathan et al, 2008, Antczak et al, 2009, Rodrigues et al, 2008, Dalla Rosa et al, 2008, Matassoli et al, 2008,supercritical alcohols (Demirbaş, 2002, 2003, Hawash et al, 2009, Gui et al, 2008, Kasim et al 2009 (Dubé et al 2007, Baroutian et al, 2011, Zhu et al, 2010, Cheng et al, 2010, monolithic catalysts (Kolaczkowski et al, 2009, Dizge et al, 2009, Tonetto & Marchetti, 2010, etc. Besides the different technologies and their applicability, we would like to introduce a few thoughts in relation to the prospective future of biodiesel production.…”

“…In this case, the reaction temperature and reaction pressure provoke the alcohol to be in a supercritical state, and therefore, not catalyst is required. Thanks to this technology, a full conversion of non high quality oils could be reached in less than 5 minutes (Demirbaş, 2002, 2003, Hawash et al, 2009, Gui et al, 2008, Kasim et al 2009). The absence of a catalyst allows the system to treat triglycerides, fatty acids, and water with no concerns.…”

“…The soap produced will also be a problem for the downstreaming separation of the biodiesel and the glycerol. The saponification reaction could be seen in Figure 2 (Marchetti et al, 2007, Srivastava & Prasad, 2000, Ma & Hanna, 1999, Fukuda et al, 2001, Knothe et al, 2005, Marchetti, 2010 In order to avoid this problem, the technological solutions put forward were: the use of homogeneous acidic catalysts such as sulfuric acid (Knothe et al, 2005, Marchetti, 2010, Schuchardt et al, 1998, Noureddini & Zhu, 1997, Freedman et al, 1984, Zheng et al, 2006, Canakci & Van Gerpen, 2003a, 2003b, solid catalysts such as zeolites, solid resins (basic as well as acid) (Bournay et al, 2005, Di Serio et al, 2005, Soriano et al, 2009, Hamad et al, 2008, Suppes et al, 2004, Kulkarni et al, 2006, López et al, 2008, enzymatic technologies (Bajaj et al, 2010, Ranganathan et al, 2008, Antczak et al, 2009, Rodrigues et al, 2008, Dalla Rosa et al, 2008, Matassoli et al, 2008, supercritical alcohols (Demirbaş, 2002, 2003, Hawash et al, 2009, Gui et al, 2008, Kasim et al 2009), membrane reactors (Dubé et al 2007, Baroutian et al, 2011, Zhu et al, 2010, Cheng et al, 2010, monolithic reactors …”

Batch Extraction of Oil from Rice Bran with Liquefied Low Temperature Dimethyl Ether

“…For extraction of RBO, attempts using supercritical fluid extractions with CO 2 [2,[13][14][15] and methanol/CO 2 [16] were reported by several groups. A maximum RBO yield of 20.5%, which represents over 99% of lipid recovery, was reportedly obtained with a conventional approach using hexane, while the yield with supercritical CO 2 extraction ranged between 19.2 and 20.4% [2,15].…”