Biodiesel Production from Non-Edible Beauty Leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum) Oil: Process Optimization  Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Jahirul, M.I.; Koh, W.G.; Brown, Richard J.; Senadeera, Wijitha; O’Hara, Ian M.; Moghaddam, Lalehvash

doi:10.3390/en7085317

Cited by 61 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Data analysis was performed through response surface methodology (RSM) and by using Minitab v.14, statistical package [45]. Yan [46] developed linear and full quadratic regression models using Minitab version 16 software, both to predict FFA and FAME concentration and to optimize the reaction conditions of biodiesel production from Calophyllum inophyllum oil. In the same vein, biodiesel production from Scenedesmus sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brette Pearl Spar Mable (BPSM): a potential recoverable catalyst as a renewable source of biodiesel from Thevetia peruviana seed oil for the benefit of sustainable development in West Africa

et al. 2018

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Background The energy requirements are globally on a rapid escalation, as technology advances, which is also true for a developing country like Nigeria, which is dependent on fossil fuels and its derivatives. Apart from its adverse effect on its economy, it has also negative impacts on the health and the environment, in general. However, investments in renewable energy are faced by the competitive oil prices, the very high investment cost for renewable energy, and high local electricity prices. This paper appraises the attractiveness of investing in renewable energy sources over the continued use of non-edible oil for electricity generation. Methods This paper explores the application of biomass seed oil to produce a renewable fuel (biodiesel) using heterogeneous base catalyst. Meanwhile, two-step processes were employed to produce the biofuel. In the first step (esterification), the acid value of the oil was reduced to the recommended limit (FFA ≤ 1.5) using H2SO4, while in the second step (transesterification), the catalyst calcination of grounded Brette Pearl Spar Mable (BPSM) pre-soaked in methanol was used as a biobase for biodiesel production. For the optimization, minitab response surface (MRS) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to model and optimize the process variables responsible for the optimum production of the oil and the biodiesel. Results The result presented showed that T. peruviana seed was found to be rich in oil with an average yield of 44.00% (w/w), and the oil was highly unsaturated with a high FFA. The maximum experimental biodiesel yield obtained was 86.00% at a catalyst amount of 4 g, a reaction time of 70 min, and a methanol/oil ratio of 0.1(v/v). This result was validated in triplicate under the same conditions, which yielded 85.70% (v/v) for MRS and 85.98% (v/v) for ANN. Furthermore, the optimization results also indicated that the p values (p < 0.05) of the model terms were significant, and the accuracy of the models achieved by MRS and ANN based on R2 depict that both optimization tools gave good predictions of R2 (MRS: R2 = 99.98% and ANN: R2 = 99.97%). The properties of the biodiesel, as described in other earlier reports using the same feedstock with different catalysts, indicated that the produced biodiesel had properties which agreed to those reported in the literature. Conclusions T. peruviana seed has proved to be a good biomass raw material for oil production, and its conversion to biofuel using a heterogeneous biobase catalyst showed its suitability as a renewable environmental friendly fuel. Government should invest in more sustainable sources of energy by imposing law for the use of non-edible oil or decreasing the price of electricity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brette Pearl Spar Mable (BPSM): a potential recoverable catalyst as a renewable source of biodiesel from Thevetia peruviana seed oil for the benefit of sustainable development in West Africa

et al. 2018

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“…The oil obtained by extraction with n-hexane alone consisted of palmitic (14.7 ± 0.2%), palmitoleic (0.2 ± 0.0%), stearic (15.7 ± 0.3%), oleic (37.6 ± 0.2%), linoleic (30.4 ± 0.3%), linolenic (0.2 ± 0.0%), arachidic (0.8 ± 0.0%), eicosenoic (0.1 ± 0.0%) and behenic (0.2 ± 0.0%) acids. Unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid and linoleic acid, predominated, as in other published studies of Calophyllum oil [8,[10][11][12]30]. However, the oil also contained saturated fatty acids, in the form of palmitic acid and stearic acid.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Calophyllum Seedsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Calophyllum inophyllum is a versatile plant with multiple uses, including ship and furniture fabrication, as windbreaks, to reduce abrasion, to protect coastal demarcation, and as a source of plant oil and a second-generation biodiesel feedstock [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. This plant is widely available in South-East Asia, Australia and India [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Calophyllum oil extraction and resin separation with a binary solvent of n-hexane and methanol mixture

Kartika¹,

Cerny

Vandenbossche

et al. 2018

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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao. This study investigated the use of a mixture of n-hexane and methanol as a binary solvent for the direct oil extraction and resin separation from Calophyllum seeds, in a single step. Optimal oil and resin yields and physicochemical properties were determined by identifying the best extraction conditions. The solvent mixture tested extracted oil and resin effectively from Calophyllum seeds, and separated resin from oil. Extraction conditions affected oil and resin yields and their physicochemical properties, with the n-hexane-to-methanol ratio being the most critical factor. Oil yield improved as n-hexane-to-methanol ratio increased from 0.5:1 to 2:1, and resin yield increased as methanol-to-n-hexane ratio increased from 0.5:1 to 2:1. Physicochemical properties of oil and resin, particularly for acid value and impurity content, improved as the n-hexane-to-methanol ratio decreased from 2:1 to 0.5:1. The best oil (51% with more than 95% triglycerides) and resin (18% with more than 5% polyphenols) yields were obtained with n-hexane-to-methanol ratios of 2:1 and 0.5:1, respectively, at a temperature of 50°C, with an extraction time of 5 h. The best values for physicochemical property of oil were a density of 0.885 g/cm 3 , a viscosity of 26.0 mPa.s, an acid value of 13 mg KOH/g, an iodine value of 127 g/100 g, an unsaponifiable content of 1.5%, a moisture content of 0.8% and an ash content of 0.04%.

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“…Among the several biodiesel alternatives, the use of Fatty Methyl Ester (FAME) in combustion engines can be found [3]. Biodiesel has advantages over conventional diesel interest is influenced by various factors in RMS [11]. In this methodology, a suitable experiment can significantly reduce the number of tests, and provide the information needful for process optimization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RSM has been widely reported as a suitable tool for the modeling and optimization of biodiesel yield, for example: Jahirul et al [11] used RSM based in a Box-Behnken design to determine a method to optimize the biodiesel production process from beauty-leaf oil. The authors considered catalyst concentration, methanol to oil molar ratio and reaction temperature as the main factors in the conversion process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification Optimization of Crude African Palm Olein Using Response Surface Methodology and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In this work, the effect of zeolite montmorillonite KSF in the esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) of crude African palm olein (Eleaias guinnesis Jacq) was studied. To optimize the esterification of FFAs of the crude African palm olein (CAPO), the response surface methodology (RSM) that was based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used. The effects of three parameters were investigated: (a) catalyst loading (2.6-9.4 wt %), (b) reaction temperature (133.2-166.2 • C), and (c) reaction time (0.32-3.68 h). The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that linear terms of catalyst loading (X 1 ), reaction temperature (X 2 ), the quadratic term of catalyst loading (X 2 1 ), temperature reaction (X 2 2 ), reaction time (X 2 3 ), the interaction catalyst loading with reaction time (X * 1 X 3 ), and the interaction reaction temperature with reaction time (X * 2 X 3 ) have a significant effect (p < 0.05 with a 95% confidence level) on Fatty Methyl Ester (FAME) yield. The result indicated that the optimum reaction conditions to esterification of FFAs were: catalyst loading 9.4 wt %, reaction temperature 155.5 • C, and 3.3 h for reaction time, respectively. Under these conditions, the numerical estimation of FAME yield was 91.81 wt %. This result was experimentally validated obtaining a difference of 1.7% FAME yield, with respect to simulated values.

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Biodiesel Production from Non-Edible Beauty Leaf (Calophyllum inophyllum) Oil: Process Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Cited by 61 publications

References 30 publications

Brette Pearl Spar Mable (BPSM): a potential recoverable catalyst as a renewable source of biodiesel from Thevetia peruviana seed oil for the benefit of sustainable development in West Africa

Brette Pearl Spar Mable (BPSM): a potential recoverable catalyst as a renewable source of biodiesel from Thevetia peruviana seed oil for the benefit of sustainable development in West Africa

Direct Calophyllum oil extraction and resin separation with a binary solvent of n-hexane and methanol mixture

Esterification Optimization of Crude African Palm Olein Using Response Surface Methodology and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis

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