Biodiesel Production from Crude Jatropha Oil using a Highly Active Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst by Optimizing Transesterification Reaction Parameters

Abstract

Various heterogeneous catalysts are often used to produce biodiesel from non-edible crude oils. In this study a highly active heterogeneous calcium oxide (CaO) nanocatalyst with a diameter and surface area of 66 ± 3 nm and 90.61 m2/g, respectively, was synthesized from Polymedosa erosa (P. erosa) seashells through a calcination-hydration-dehydration technique. The nano-CaO catalysis impact was investigated in a two-step transesterification of triglycerides from crude Jatropha oil as a biodiesel along with other reaction parameters such as catalyst ratio, reaction time, and methanol to oil ratio. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller spectrographic techniques were utilized to evaluate the CaO nanocatalyst spectral and structural characteristics. The effect of the transesterification parameters on reaction kinetics and Jatropha biodiesel (JB) yield were analyzed by employing a three-factor-five-level response surface methodology model based on a full factorial, two-block, central composite design. The adequacy of the predicted model was verified, and a 98.54% JB yield was reported at optimal parametric conditions, i.e., 0.02:1 (w/w) catalyst ratio, 133.1 min reaction time, and 5.15:1 mol/mol of methanol to the pretreated oil. An average of 95.8% JB yield was obtained from the catalyst reusability up to the sixth cycle. Fuel property test results of JB were found to be highly commensurate with the biodiesel standard EN 14214.

Structural/texture evolution of CaO/MCM‐41 nanocatalyst by doping various amounts of cerium for active and stable catalyst: Biodiesel production from waste vegetable cooking oil

“…40 As the peak of Ca-O group stretching vibration appears between 500 and 600 cm −1 , an almost weak peak exists at 550 cm −1 and represents this bonding in all prepared nanocatalysts. 41,42 It is noticeable that the intensity of this peak has remained at a certain level in the patterns which might be due to the constant active phase amounts. Furthermore, another peak detected in all samples in the wavenumber of 3450 cm −1 that refers to the stretching bond of O-H in hydroxyl group.…”

Active Heterogeneous CaO Catalyst Synthesis fromAnadara granosa(Kerang) Seashells for Jatropha Biodiesel Production

“…FFA of a vegetable oils impacts on their transesterification reactions during biodiesel production [17,18]. 29.3% of FFA was measured from the JCO samples by following a standard method as described our recent work published [19]. Since the oil samples have reported a very high FFA, which lead to lowering the biodiesel yield, especially, in solid heterogeneous catalyzed transesterification [18][19][20].…”

“…29.3% of FFA was measured from the JCO samples by following a standard method as described our recent work published [19]. Since the oil samples have reported a very high FFA, which lead to lowering the biodiesel yield, especially, in solid heterogeneous catalyzed transesterification [18][19][20]. Acid esterification of JCO was carried out in the presence of H 2 SO 4 and methyl alcohol to reduce the JCO FFA to 1% which is suitable for base catalyzed transesterification [21].…”

“…The catalyst and methanol mixture were prepared in accordance with oil ratio by volume. The transesterification reaction process operating ranges were comprehend with state of the art literature [18,19,22]. The reactant mixture contents were allowed to react over a course of transesterification DOI: 10.1051/ , 02008 (2017) 87 four variables catalyst concentration (CC: 1% -6 %wt.…”

Soybean Oil Transesterification for Biodiesel Production with Micro-Structured Calcium Oxide (CaO) from Natural Waste Materials as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

“…Nanocatalysts have recently become the focus of recent research. Reddy et al (2006) [15] showed that a nanocrystalline CaO was an efficient catalyst for producing biodiesel with high yields at room temperature using soybean oil and poultry fat as raw materials. Hu et al (2011) [16] developed a nanomagnetic solid base catalyst, KF/CaO-Fe 3 O 4 , based on a magnetic Fe 3 O 4 core.…”