Biodiesel production from castor oil in Egypt: Process optimisation, kinetic study, diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions analysis

Aboelazayem, Omar; El-Gendy, Nour Sh.; Abdel‐Rehim, Ahmed A.; Ashour, Fatma H.; Sadek, M. A.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.202

Cited by 73 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In general, these waste animal fats are rendered from discarded fleshing wastes in leather tanneries and discarded fat wastes in slaughter houses and meat processing industries (Srinivasan et al, 2018a); and was found to be unsuitable for edibility but rich in triglyceride content, thereby making it as an ideal option for biodiesel production. Indeed, numerous studies related to its optimized production (Aboelazayem et al, 2018), properties study and their prediction using mathematical modeling (Jambulingam and Srinivasan, 2019), comprehensive engine characteristics (Nabi et al, 2019) and economic analysis (Subramanian et al, 2005) have been carried out to commercialize this biofuel in global market. However, for being a viable replacement for existing fossil fuel, which causes higher pollution, these biofuels must be evaluated thoroughly for its engine characteristics to determine their maximum range of efficiencies and emissions in exhaust gas and factors influencing them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dominant Fatty Acid Esters on Emission Characteristics of Waste Animal Fat Biodiesel in CI Engine

et al. 2019

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This present study aims in understanding the influence of dominant fatty acid esters of waste animal fat biodiesel on its emission characteristics in CI engine. Biodiesel was produced from waste animal fat by means of base catalyzed transesterification; and Ethyl oleate (40.21%), ethyl palmitate (25.36%), and ethyl stearate (16.87%) were characterized as dominant fatty acid esters using GC spectra. Test samples were prepared for these ester molecules based on their availability, in addition to biodiesel blend and plain diesel and were tested for their emission levels in single cylinder four stroke CI engine using flue gas analyser. High exhaust gas temperature was contributed by Ethyl oleate (1.15% lesser than biodiesel), as a result of low cetane number due to unsaturation; and high viscosity. Likewise, the increased carbon chain length and unsaturation of ethyl oleate (2.55% lesser than biodiesel) resulted in high concentration of CO emission for biodiesel whereas high CO 2 emission concentration was because of ester molecules with increased carbon chain length (stearate and Oleate esters). Reduced NO X emission for biodiesel was as a result of higher cetane number from ethyl stearate (CN = 86.83) and ethyl palmitate (CN = 86.55), which reduced its ignition delay thereby moderating the heat release rate. In addition, long carbon chained ester molecules (oleate and stearate esters) in biodiesel consumed more oxygen content for improving overall rate of combustion while increased HC emission was explained by unsaturation in biodiesel because of ethyl oleate (on average, 50 PPM).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dominant Fatty Acid Esters on Emission Characteristics of Waste Animal Fat Biodiesel in CI Engine

et al. 2019

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“…Researching to find alternative fuels for petroleum diesel, biodegradability, green exhaust emissions, low toxicity, high flash point, and negligible sulfur characteristics have made biodiesel a competitive renewable fuel 1 . The conventional method for biodiesel production is the transesterification of triglycerides with alcohol in the presence of alkali, acid, or enzyme catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kinetics of biodiesel production in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts are commonly predicted by assuming zero‐, first‐, and second‐order models and nonlinear models 1,2,10‐14 . To investigate the kinetics of catalyzed biodiesel production, Eley‐Rideal model and the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood model were developed considering the adsorption and the desorption of reactants and products on the surface and active sites of the heterogeneous catalysts 15,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst of alumina: Study of kinetics and thermodynamics

Zanjani

Pirzaman

Yazdanian

2020

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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In the current research, biodiesel production was investigated in the presence of solid catalysts of K 2 CO 3 /Al 2 O 3 by transesterification of rapeseed oil. The specifications of produced fatty acid methyl esters like viscosity and flash point were studied, and it was noted that they complied with the requirements of ASTM D6751. In addition, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were explored considering the temperature changes between 318.15 and 348.15 K. Mass transfer resistance (external diffusion or internal diffusion) over the catalyst was neglected with regard to theWeisz-Prater criterion and Mears criterion. The kinetic models containing Eley-Rideal, Langmuir-Hinshelwood, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and -order models were investigated. Corrected Akaike information criterion was utilized to find the best model fitted with the experimental data. The greatest illustration for the K 2 CO 3 /Al 2 O 3 -catalyzed reaction was the nonlinear model with an order of = 1.287 and the activation energy of 12.12 kJ/mol. Using transition state theory (Eyring-Polanyi equation), the activation Gibbs free energy, activation enthalpy, and activation entropy were calculated at different temperatures. The equilibrium thermodynamic properties depicted that this process is endothermic and spontaneous toward biodiesel production and tends to be irreversible. K E Y W O R D Salumina, heterogeneous catalyst, kinetics, thermodynamic, transesterification 472

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“…Several authors including AboElazayem et al [38] and Onyenkeadi et al [39], have criticized the traditional "trial-and-error" optimization methods and "one-factor-at-a-time" (OFAT) as time-consuming and considered quite expensive due to a large number of samples and experimental trials involved. Another drawback identified with traditional optimization methods is low overall efficiency [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiobjective Optimization for the Greener Synthesis of Chloromethyl Ethylene Carbonate by CO2 and Epichlorohydrin via Response Surface Methodology

Olaniyan

Saha

2020

Energies

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In this paper, a statistical analysis with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to investigate and optimize process variables for the greener synthesis of chloromethyl ethylene carbonate (CMEC) by carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and epichlorohydrin (ECH). Using the design expert software, a quadratic model was developed to study the interactions effect between four independent variables and the reaction responses. The adequacy of the model was validated by correlation between the experimental and predicted values of the responses using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The proposed Box-Behnken design (BBD) method suggested 29 runs for data acquisition and modelling the response surface. The optimum reaction conditions of 353 K, 11 bar CO 2 pressure, and 12 h using fresh 12% (w/w) Zr/ZIF-8 catalyst loading produced 93% conversion of ECH and 68% yield of CMEC. It was concluded that the predicted and experimental values are in excellent agreement with ±1.55% and ±1.54% relative errors from experimental results for both the conversion of ECH and CMEC yield, respectively. Therefore, statistical modelling using RSM can be used as a reliable prediction technique for system optimization for greener synthesis of chloromethyl ethylene carbonate via CO 2 utilization.

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Biodiesel production from castor oil in Egypt: Process optimisation, kinetic study, diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions analysis

Cited by 73 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Dominant Fatty Acid Esters on Emission Characteristics of Waste Animal Fat Biodiesel in CI Engine

Effect of Dominant Fatty Acid Esters on Emission Characteristics of Waste Animal Fat Biodiesel in CI Engine

Biodiesel production in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst of alumina: Study of kinetics and thermodynamics

Multiobjective Optimization for the Greener Synthesis of Chloromethyl Ethylene Carbonate by CO2 and Epichlorohydrin via Response Surface Methodology

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