Biodiesel Production by Ethanolysis of Various Vegetable Oils Using Calcium Ethoxide as a Solid Base Catalyst

Anastopoulos, G.; Dodos, George S.; Kalligeros, S.; Zannikos, F.

doi:10.1080/15435075.2012.674081

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Due to the extra carbon atom (from the ethanol molecule), FAEEs have slightly higher values for heat content, a higher cetane number and improved storage properties [2,5]. Another advantage of FAEEs are lower cloud and pour points, which improve engine start at low temperatures [2,6,7]. In addition, FAEEs are more environmentally friendly compared to FAMEs because of lower nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide emissions, as well as lower smoke density [1,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, because of its low boiling point, the explosion risk associated with methanol vapors and the extreme toxicity of both methanol and methoxide [1], new trends in the area of biodiesel production are oriented toward the use of ethanol. Compared to methanol, ethanol is characterized by its superior vegetable oil dissolving power, lower toxicity and biodegradability [2]. The drawbacks of ethanol's use in biodiesel production are related to the difficult separation of ethyl esters caused by the stable emulsion formed during the ethanolysis reaction, significant dependence of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) yield on the presence of water in the reaction mixture and a greater hindrance effect of ethoxide ions located on the active surface sites in the case of a heterogeneously catalyzed reaction [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Optimization of sunflower oil ethanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide: RSM versus ANN-GA

Avramović

Veličković

Stamenković

et al. 2015

Energy Conversion and Management

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimization of sunflower oil ethanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide: RSM versus ANN-GA

Avramović

Veličković

Stamenković

et al. 2015

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…Abdelrahman (2013) produced biodiesel from melon seed oil with a methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1 with KOH concentration 0.75% w−w of oil, reaction temperature of 60 • C. The results showed that biodiesel had slight influence on the original properties of petro diesel. Anastopoulos (2013) produced biodiesel from four vegetable oils (oils: sunflower, cotton seed, olive oil, and used frying oil) using calcium ethoxide as a heterogeneous solid base catalyst. The ester preparation involved a two-step transesterification reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Production of Biodiesel From A Bastard Poom Feedstock

Sinthorn¹,

Wongwuttanasatian²

2014

International Journal of Green Energy

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This study was conducted on the production of biodiesel from bastard poom via transesterification with potassium hydroxide as the catalyst. Certain experimental conditions were set for determining the maximum biodiesel produced. The most appropriate methanol solvent per bastard poom found was 1:4 by volume and 2 mass per unit volume of potassium hydroxide at 60 • C for 30 min. The amount of biodiesel obtained was 88.56% by mass of crude oil. The following fuel properties were noted: the biodiesel had a golden yellow color without any residue. Its cloud point was at 2.4 • C, the pour point at -1 • C, the density at 15 • C of890 kg/m 3 , and the flash point at over 290 • C. The acid value was 0.49 mgKOH−g, the water content was 610 mg−kg, combustion heating value was roughly 38,590 kJ−kg, the viscosity was 5.68 mm 2 −s at 40 • C, and copper corrosion was at 1A level. The analysis of water property of biodiesel from bastard poom showed its properties within Thai biodiesel standards. This indicates that bastard poom is suitable for developing as an alternative fuel.

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“…Methanol and methoxide are very dangerous substances that must be handled with care (Stamenkovic et al, 2011). Because of this, ethanol can be seen as an alternative to methanol due to its easy production and availability (Anastopoulos et al, 2013). The use of ethanol instead of methanol in the transesterification reaction is a promising step because it can be produced from agricultural renewable sources and has less toxicity than methanol.…”

Section: Alcohol Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovations in the biodiesel production

Çakırca¹,

Akın²

2017

Pressacademia

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Demand on energy from alternative fuels are growing rapidly due to depletion of fossil fuels and global warming crises. Biodiesel instead of conventional petroleum diesel, is a non toxic, biodegradable and renewable fuels. Therefore, biodiesel can be considered as a promising liquid fuel for transport sector. Among the routes of biodiesel synthesis, the most commonly used are transesterification of oil feedstocks and esterification of free fatty acids, in which these are carried forward in the presence of a catalyst. In transesterification process, a large majority of feedstocks come from vegetable/edible oil, as the first generation biodiesel feedstocks, in many regions of the world. The use of edible oils is not convenient in production of biodiesel due to insufficient amount of edible oil feedstocks and demand for food materials in the world. When it is thought that over 70% of price of biodiesel includes cost of feedstocks, use of cheaper and more sustainable resources have become inevitable. Waste cooking oil and algae oil, which have not been used as food sources, are termed as second generation feedstocks and seem more attractive and promising for biodiesel production. In addition to raw material source, the type of alcohol and catalyst also affects to price and quailty of biodiesel. Since biodiesel is a process includes sustainable technology, all inputs are investigated in terms of usability, sustainability and eco-friendly. The aim of this study to give an overwive on the biodiesel production in that select of the most effective and available feedstocks and summarize the recent development and innovation in the production process.

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Biodiesel Production by Ethanolysis of Various Vegetable Oils Using Calcium Ethoxide as a Solid Base Catalyst

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Optimization of sunflower oil ethanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide: RSM versus ANN-GA

Optimization of sunflower oil ethanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide: RSM versus ANN-GA

The Production of Biodiesel From A Bastard Poom Feedstock

Innovations in the biodiesel production

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