Biodiesel Production by Esterification of Oleic Acid with Methanol Using a Water Adsorption Apparatus

Lucena, Izabelly Larissa; Silva, Giovanilton F.; Fernandes, Fabiano A. N.

doi:10.1021/ie800547h

Cited by 56 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally esterification is carried out in the presence of sulphuric acid as catalyst because of its high acid strength. This acid strength is responsible for the release of H + ions and thereby protonate the caboxilic acid [3].The present work is concentrated on the production of ethyl palmitate, which is an important organic ester produced by the esterification of palmitic acid with ethanol in the presence of sulphuric acid as catalyst. …”

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confidence: 99%

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Kinetics of Esterification of Palmitic acid with Ethanol- Optimization Using Statistical Design of Experiments

Beula¹,

Sai²

2013

IJCEA

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Abstract-The aim of this study was to apply statistical design of experiments for optimization of esterification reaction and to obtain the kinetics of the reaction. The present system of study was palmitic acid with ethanol using homogeneous catalyst sulphuric acid. The reactions were performed in a batch reactor and the progress of the reaction was monitored using Karl Fischer Titrator. To reduce the number of experiments and in order to achieve optimum conditions of the reaction, statistical design of experiments was carried out. Using Box-Behnken response surface analysis with three factors, three central points and one block, a table was designed with 15 experiments. The variable influencing the rate of reaction are temperature, mole ratio of reactants and catalyst concentration. The conversion is complete at a temperature of 73 o C, initial molar ratio of reactants of 9.39 and at a catalyst concentration of 6.4 wt%. Integral method of analysis was used to analyze the batch reactor data and the order of the reaction was obtained. The reaction rate constants, frequency factor and activation energy of the reaction were determined. I. INTRODUCTIONThe synthesis of carboxylic acid esters is an industrially important operation because of its application in vast areas ranging from domestic use to food industry [1]- [7]. Organic esters can be synthesized by different methods. The most important method is the direct reaction of organic acid with alcohol in the presence of acid catalyst [1]. As esterification reactions are very slow and reversible, it requires several days to reach equilibrium in the absence of catalyst. The acid catalysts include H 2 SO 4 , HCl, HI and some strong organic acids [2]. Generally esterification is carried out in the presence of sulphuric acid as catalyst because of its high acid strength. This acid strength is responsible for the release of H + ions and thereby protonate the caboxilic acid [3].The present work is concentrated on the production of ethyl palmitate, which is an important organic ester produced by the esterification of palmitic acid with ethanol in the presence of sulphuric acid as catalyst. Palmitic acid (A) + ethanol (B) ↔ ethyl palmitate (C)+ water (D)This ethyl palmitate ester has a soft and waxy odour and is used to give fragrance to saffron, cream, vanilla and flavors of milk, fish etc. For the large scale production of ethyl palmitate reaction kinetics should be well determined [2]. Usually rate of reaction is influenced by many factors such temperature of reaction, initial mole ratio of reactants, type of catalyst, catalyst concentration and mechanical agitation rate etc. Among these variables temperature of the reaction mixture, initial mole ratio of reactants and catalyst concentration were chosen and the other two parameters were kept constant for the entire study. Here an attempt is made to correlate the variables with the yield through a statistical design tool and trying to develop kinetics model of palmitic acid esterification reaction. II. MATERIAL AND METHO...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Esterification of Palmitic acid with Ethanol- Optimization Using Statistical Design of Experiments

Beula¹,

Sai²

2013

IJCEA

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“…The oleic acid was then put into esterification reactor to convert oleic acid into methyl oleate. The kinetic model of this step was predicted by optimizing kinetic data in Table 2, reported by [12] in Fig. 3 and Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of biodiesel production using hydro-esterification process from wet microalgae

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Recently, algae have received a lot of attention as a new biomass source for the production of renewable energy, such as biodiesel. Conventionally, biodiesel is made through esterification or transesterification of oils where the process involves a catalyst and alcohol to be reacted in a reactor. However, this process is energy intensive for drying and extraction step. To overcome this situation, we studied simulation of a new route of hydro-esterification process which is combine hydrolysis and esterification processes for biodiesel production from wet microalgae. Firstly, wet microalgae treated by hydrolyzer to produce fatty acids (FAs), separated with separator, and then mixed with methanol and esterified at subcritical condition to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) while H2SO4 conducted as the catalyst. Energy and material balance of conventional and hydrolysis-esterification process was evaluated by Aspen Plus. Simulation result indicated that conventional route is energy demanding process, requiring 4.40 MJ/L biodiesel produced. In contrast, the total energy consumption of hydrolysis-esterification method can be reduced significantly into 2.43 MJ/L biodiesel. Based on the energy consumption comparison, hydroesterification process is less costly than conventional process for biodiesel production.

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“…Also, the conversion can be increased by using an adsorption system coupled to a reactor, since the removal of water displaces the equilibrium to the products [15].…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Methyl Oleate in Reactive‐Separation Systems

et al. 2016

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The esterification of oleic acid and methanol using sulfuric acid as a homogeneous catalyst is studied in reactive-separation systems. The conversion of the free fatty acid was investigated in two different experiments with the molar ratio of methanol/oleic acid, amount of catalyst, temperature, and reaction time as variables. The conversion of the free fatty acid was found to depend strongly on the molar ratio of methanol/oleic acid. The reaction time had a direct effect on the conversion of the free fatty acid, and this conversion decreased with higher temperature. These results were valuable for a preliminary study on biodiesel production, using an acid homogeneous catalyst in a reactive dividing-wall distillation column.

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Biodiesel Production by Esterification of Oleic Acid with Methanol Using a Water Adsorption Apparatus

Cited by 56 publications

References 19 publications

Kinetics of Esterification of Palmitic acid with Ethanol- Optimization Using Statistical Design of Experiments

Kinetics of Esterification of Palmitic acid with Ethanol- Optimization Using Statistical Design of Experiments

Simulation of biodiesel production using hydro-esterification process from wet microalgae

Production of Methyl Oleate in Reactive‐Separation Systems

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