Biodiesel Production and Consumption: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Approach

Abstract

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Life cycle assessment of Moringa oleifera derived biodiesel: Energy efficiency, CO2 intensity and environmental impacts

“…Before conducting an LCA study of a given biofuel, it is very important to understand and determine every stage of the life cycle. This helps to perform a comprehensive LCA in form of “well‐to‐wheel” in case of biofuels, thus performing a detailed inventory data collection, which will reduce uncertainty 44 …”

“…This study is an attributional life cycle assessment conducted according to ISO LCA standards. The methodological principles of life cycle assessment (ISO 14040- 44,2006) and inventory data were used in the present work to analyze the energy and material flows. The "cradle to tank" approach was chosen, starting from the farming and harvesting of Moringa oleifera pods, mechanical oil extraction, and oil conversion to biodiesel using transesterification reaction, and biodiesel transportation to fuel station.…”

“…This helps to perform a comprehensive LCA in form of "well-to-wheel" in case of biofuels, thus performing a detailed inventory data collection, which will reduce uncertainty. 44 The biofuel production value chain generally consists of four phases: biomass production, biomass transportation, oil conversion to biofuel, and biofuel distribution and use. 45 Therefore, the analysis of the biodiesel production system from Moringa oleifera oil includes the agricultural phase for oil production and the industrial phase for oil extraction and conversion to biodiesel by transesterification, then biodiesel transportation to the fuel station for distribution.…”

The advances and limitations in biodiesel production: feedstocks, oil extraction methods, production, and environmental life cycle assessment

“…However, there are different concerns related to the possible risks of the growing biodiesel industry (226). The life cycle assessment (LCA) approach has been frequently used to evaluate and compare the environmental, energy, and economic aspects of biodiesel production and consumption (227)(228)(229)(230).…”

“…The biodiesel production stage can further be divided into substages (227), such as (1) production of input materials (e.g. chemicals, electricity, etc.…”